The world's chemical watchdog on Friday adopted a final roadmap for ridding Syria of its arsenal by mid-2014, reaching agreement hours before a deadline expired. "The plan is adopted," Christian Chartier, a spokesman for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), told AFP after a meeting of its 41-member Executive Council in The Hague.
Friday was the deadline for the OPCW to agree "destruction milestones" for the more than 1,000 tonnes of dangerous chemicals in Syria, according to the terms of a US-Russian deal that headed off US military strikes on President Bashar al-Assad's regime. The deal came amid growing momentum towards peace talks after more than two-and-a-half years of Syria's deadly uprising, with the rebels suffering a string of recent setbacks.
Five rebel commanders have been killed since Thursday, including two chiefs of rebel battalions who died fighting loyalist forces near the international airport outside second city Aleppo. The army has been pressing a campaign to retake rebel-held areas in Aleppo and jihadist fighters have called for mass mobilisation to counter regime advances.
A Syrian media report said that a long-delayed peace conference could be held in Geneva on December 12. The international community has been trying for months to convene a peace conference dubbed "Geneva II". But proposed dates have come and gone with no progress. The regime has said it is willing to attend, provided Assad's departure is not on the table. The opposition, though, insists on Assad's departure and exclusion from the transition process.
The talks at OPCW headquarters in The Hague broke off twice before agreement was reached around 2000 GMT, as delegates thrashed out the final draft. Under the deal, Syria's weapons will be taken out of the war-ravaged country, where an estimated 120,000 people have been killed during the uprising, to ensure their destruction in the "safest and soonest manner", the OPCW said in a statement. Almost all of Syria's chemicals and precursors, except for isopropanol which can be used to make sarin nerve gas, must be removed from the country by February 5, 2014.
The "most critical" chemicals must be removed by the end of the year, the OPCW said. Declared chemical weapons facilities will be destroyed between December 15 and March 15, 2014, "according to a risk-based criterion", the watchdog said. Likewise, "priority" chemicals will be destroyed outside of Syria by April 2014, and all other chemicals by the already agreed deadline of June 30, 2014.
Sigrid Kaag, who is co-ordinating the joint UN-OPCW mission in Syria, told the meeting: "I am currently reaching out to others to consider joining this international effort". Despite a US request of its staunch ally, Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama said earlier that he would not help destroy Syria's arsenal in his country after a string of domestic protests against the move. "It is impossible for Albania to take part in such an operation... as it has no capacity" to carry out such a task, Rama told reporters.
His statement was broadcast live on giant television screens on Tirana's main square, where thousands of demonstrators erupted in cries of joy. Malik Ellahi, political adviser to OPCW head Ahmet Uzumcu, said that he could not yet say where Syria's chemicals would be taken for destruction. "But the Executive Council has adopted a decision and has confidence that there are alternatives and that this material will be shipped out of Syria," he told journalists.
"The target dates have been set with the confidence that there will be alternatives for destruction," he said. The focus of Syria's chemical disarmament is increasingly on how the world can help, and it was not immediately clear which country could receive and destroy the lethal chemicals and precursors after Tirana's refusal.
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