Turkish assets have come under pressure in the last few weeks on investor concerns about a widening current account deficit, persistently high inflation and a recent Moody's downgrade.
Turkey is seen as one of the more vulnerable emerging market economies to higher US interest rates. The Federal Reserve is widely expected on Wednesday to deliver its first interest rate hike this year.
The lira weakened 0.6 percent to a record low of 4.84 against the euro and eased 0.5 percent against the dollar to its lowest since early December.
"There are all the reasons in the world for the lira to weaken," said Vasileios Gkionakis, co-head of strategy research at UniCredit, adding that higher-than-expected inflation prints were putting pressing on Turkish yields.
Turkey's sovereign dollar bonds fell across the curve with the 2041 issue at a fresh 13-month low, according to Tradeweb data, while 10-year local government bond yield rose to 12.69 percent, their highest in nearly four months.
Five-year credit default swaps (CDS) hit a new one-month high and Turkish stocks fell 0.8 percent.
NORMALISATION OF POLICY
Emerging market currencies and stocks struggled across the board ahead of the Fed meeting. Investors will study the "dot plot" forecasts for clues about future tightening.
"There will be some upward revision in growth projections, largely because of the stimulus," Gkionakis said, adding that Fed chair Jerome Powell would probably emphasise there was hardly any difference between three or four rate hikes this year as normalisation of policy continued in a gradual way.
Both the South African rand and the Mexican peso weakened around 0.4 percent, with the rand trading at a one-month low ahead of a key ratings decision from Moody's, due by Friday. Moody's is the only major agency with an investment grade rating on South African debt.
Meanwhile the peso has been beaten down by worries about US trade tariffs, uncertainties surrounding the NAFTA negotiations and Mexico's looming presidential elections.
Russian assets were also in focus after widespread condemnation of Moscow by Western powers following a nerve toxin attack on a former Russian double agent on British soil. Britain says Russia is responsible, a charge Moscow denies.
The average yield spread of Russian sovereign dollar bonds over US Treasuries on the JPMorgan EMBI Global Diversified index widened by 3 basis points (bps) from Friday's close to a year-to-date high of 175 bps.
Russian 5-year CDS also rose to a near one-month high while Moscow shares slipped 0.6 percent.
The rouble was down just 0.2 percent, with limited impact from Sunday's presidential election, which incumbent Vladimir Putin won by a landslide, as expected, in the absence of any credible challenge.
"If we move into a territory where we get increased sanctions imposed by NATO and the EU on Russia, this would definitely have a negative impact on Russian assets," said Gkionakis.
MSCI's benchmark emerging stocks index slipped 0.5 percent to 1-1/2 week lows. Among the biggest fallers were Hungary, down 1.1 percent, India, down 1 percent and South Korea, down 0.7 percent.