Having trailed by 250 runs on the first innings, the Kiwis were set a mammoth 468 to win -- which would have been a record chase in Test cricket -- on a deteriorating pitch after Australia declared at 217 for nine in their second innings.
The visitors were never in contention after losing their first wicket with just six runs on the board and were unable to push the match into a fifth day after Mitchell Starc and Pat Cummins cleaned up the Kiwi tail under lights in Perth's first-ever day-night Test.
New Zealand were dismissed for 171 and were beaten by 296 runs, the last five wickets falling in a hurry for just 17 runs.
It was just one run shy of their biggest losing margin to Australia -- in runs -- in a match where both teams batted twice.
Australia's biggest win, other than innings victories, was by 297 runs in Auckland in 1974.
Starc (4-45), who claimed nine wickets for the match, and Cummins (2-31) used the pink ball to good effect to bring the match to a quick conclusion after none of the recognised Kiwi batsmen offered significant resistance.
In match that Paine said had a Bodyline feel at times as the Kiwis used short balls regularly, he applauded a massive effort by the bowlers given the loss of opening bowler Josh Hazlewood early in the match
"It was a particularly solid performance given we were a bowler down for two innings," he said.
"That was an awesome effort. I am really happy with the way we played."
Kiwi captain Kane Williamson dismissed suggestions a lack of pink ball preparation had played a part in the loss and played down suggestions the scene had been set for a bumper barrage in the series by his team's tactics with the ball.
"On this pitch when the bounce became a little bit variable it proved to be effective, but it's not for everywhere," he said of the short-pitched bowling.
"It is also something that Neil Wagner has been very successful doing for us for a long time.
"I don't know if it says any more than what we had in this match."
Williamson said pace bowler Trent Boult was likely to return for the second Test in Melbourne, starting on December 26.
The New Zealand chase started poorly, with opener Jeet Raval making just one before being caught at gully by Nathan Lyon (4-63) from the bowling of Starc.
Star batsman Williamson then made just 14, before falling to Lyon's first ball of the innings, caught at short leg fending a ball that bounced and turned sharply off his glove into the hands of Matthew Wade.
Ross Taylor was their last real hope of making a revival but on 22 he tried to pull a Starc delivery and got a bottom edge through to wicketkeeper Tim Paine to give the left-arm quick his seventh wicket of the match.
BJ Watling attempted to stem the tide with a gritty 40 and enjoyed a bit of luck as Australia didn't review when he got a faint outside edge through to Paine.
Smith then dropped a tough chance off the bowling of Lyon at first slip.
He was given out on review caught down leg side by Paine off the bowling of Starc after umpire Nigel Llong had turned down the appeal -- a dismissal that ended the Kiwi resistance.
Earlier, Australia's second innings fell away dramatically after being 131 for one at one stage on the third day.
The home team lost seven wickets for 58 runs, as they struggled against a sustained barrage of short-pitched bowling on another hot Perth day.
Tim Southee again impressed with 5-69, after also picking up four wickets in the first innings.