The surplus up to the end of January was achieved on the back of a huge income of 27 billion dinars ($94.7 billion) and a low spending of 9.8 billion dinars ($34.4 billion), according to data on the ministry of finance website.
The 10-month revenues were up 11.6 percent on the same period of the last fiscal year and almost twice the budget projections for the whole year of 13.9 billion dinars ($48.9 billion), according to the figures.
Spending during the same period was just 46.2 percent of budget projections of 21.2 billion dinars ($74.5 billion) and was almost unchanged from last fiscal year.
Local economic reports have expected the budget surplus to be lower at around 14 billion dinars ($50 billion) at the end of the fiscal year following accounting adjustments.
Oil revenues rose 11.6 percent from last year to hit 25.5 billion dinars ($89.5 billion), twice the budget estimates of 12.8 billion dinars ($45 billion), according to ministry figures.
Earnings from oil made up over 94 percent of total revenues. Kuwait produces around 3.0 million barrels per day and has estimated oil income at a conservative price of $65 a barrel while actual price has topped $100 a barrel.
Kuwait's fiscal starts April 1 and ends March 31.
The previous highest budget surplus of $47 billion was achieved in the 2011-2012 fiscal year during which Kuwait also posted an all-time high income of $107.5 billion.
Kuwait has projected a deficit in each of the past 13 fiscal years, but ended in surplus mainly by calculating oil income at a very low price.
During that period, the emirate has accumulated about $250 billion in budget surpluses.
Under Kuwaiti law, 10 percent of revenues are deducted every year in favour of the emirate's sovereign wealth fund, the assets of which are estimated at about $400 billion.
This fiscal year, Kuwait decided to transfer 25 percent of revenues into the fund, the returns on which are not included in the budget.
The Gulf state has a native population of 1.2 million in addition to 2.6 million foreigners.