Warnings stepped up from the United States, France and Britain that Damascus would be held accountable for the August 21 attack, sparking market worries of a possible broader conflict.
At the closing bell, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 170.56 points (1.14 percent) at 14,775.90.
The broader S&P 500 index fell 26.30 (1.59 percent) to 1,630.48, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite lost 79.05 (2.16 percent) at 3,578.52.