More than 100 rebels led by Fidel Castro attempted to storm the military facility at Moncada on July 26, 1953, in the first armed action of the revolution to topple dictator Fulgencio Batista.
The assault ended in a crushing defeat for the rebels, with many killed, while Fidel and Raul Castro were captured and imprisoned.
Around 8,000 people attended Saturday's ceremony in Artemisa, around 50 miles (80 kilometers) southwest of Havana, headed by Raul Castro, 83, dressed in military fatigues.