Trott, who was therefore omitted from the 13-man squad, will be replaced by Ravi Bopara, rather than the uncapped James Taylor.
England have also named Steven Finn as fast-bowling cover for Chris Tremlett, who is expected to be fit after complaining of hamstring trouble and back spasms.
Trott sustained the injury diving in the field during England's 319-run victory over India in the second Test at Nottingham.
England squad for third Test v India, starting at Edgbaston on Wednesday:
AJ Strauss (Middlesex, captain), JM Anderson (Lancashire), IR Bell (Warwickshire), RS Bopara (Essex), TT Bresnan (Yorkshire), SCJ Broad (Nottinghamshire), AN Cook (Essex), ST Finn (Middlesex), EJG Morgan (Middlesex), KP Pietersen (Surrey), MJ Prior (wkt, Sussex), GP Swann (Nottinghamshire), CT Tremlett (Surrey).
Copyright AFP (Agence France-Presse), 2011