After losing their opening Group B match against South Africa, Sri Lanka desperately need a win as they battle to reach the semi-finals.
Mathews, fit after a calf injury, returned to the line-up in place of the suspended Upul Tharanga as one of three Sri Lanka changes.
Thisara Perera came in for Seekkuge Prasanna and Danushka Gunathilaka played in place of the injured Chamara Kapugedera.
"The pressure is on today but we won't think about it. We'll just go and enjoy ourselves," Mathews said.
"It feels awesome to be back in the team. I can't bowl and it does affect the team so that's why we have strengthened our bowling."
India were unchanged after thrashing arch rivals Pakistan in their opener and a second successive win would effectively book a place in the semi-finals for the holders.
India: Rohit Sharma, Shikhar Dhawan, Virat Kohli (capt), Yuvraj Singh, MS Dhoni (wkt), Kedar Jadhav, Hardik Pandya, Ravindra Jadeja, Bhuvneshwar Kumar, Umesh Yadav, Jasprit Bumrah
Sri Lanka: Niroshan Dickwella (wkt), Danushka Gunathilaka, Kusal Mendis, Dinesh Chandimal, Angelo Mathews (capt), Kusal Perera, Asela Gunaratne, Thisara Perera, Suranga Lakmal, Lasith Malinga, Nuwan Pradeep
Umpires: Richard Kettleborough (ENG) and Rod Tucker (AUS)
TV Umpire: Marais Erasmus (RSA)
Match referee: David Boon (AUS)