The 15 Turkish soldiers killed in Saturday's attack on an Iraq border post were borne to their graves on Sunday by a crowd of thousands shouting angry slogans against the perpetrators - the outlawed Kurdish Workers Party, or PKK. The attack, which claimed 38 lives in total, was launched by the guerrilla group, which operates from inside Iraq, after a week of Turkish air force raids on their positions.
Turkish government and military leaders have vowed to escalate the campaign against the PKK. "We will now conduct our campaign against terrorism even more decisively," said Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, after he broke off his journey to Central Asia in response to the attack.
But Turkey cannot win the war against the PKK by military force alone.
One day before the Aktutun border post attack, the worst PKK assault this year, the Turkish air force had bombarded suspected PKK positions in the Qandil mountains of Iraq, close to the Iranian border.
At the same time, the attack on the troops stationed at Aktutun was about to be launched, although they didn't know it. According to Turkish media reports, more than 300 PKK fighters assembled for the raid on the border post.
At daybreak on Saturday they opened fire with heavy weapons from Iraq as other fighters moved in on the ground. The battle at Aktutun lasted for five hours. It was the fifth attack on the post since 1992. Turkey hit back with combat helicopters and special forces. After the attack, Iraqi President Jalal Talabani, himself a Kurd, called his Turkish counterpart Abdullah Gul to propose a meeting of high-ranking security experts from both sides, suggesting Iraqi willingness to help Turkey de-escalate the situation.
However, Turkish daily Millyet commented on Sunday that "long- range weapons cannot be brought into position without those responsible for security in Iraq noticing."
Also under question is the value of US support in informing Turkey of PKK movements within Iraq. Friday's attack came just days before the Turkish parliament was set to vote on extending by one year the government's mandate to order military strikes against PKK bases in northern Iraq.
Under a one-year parliamentary authorisation voted last October, the army has carried out several air strikes and a week-long ground incursion against PKK targets, using intelligence passed on by Nato ally Washington. The current authorisation expires October 17.
In February, Turkey launched a ground offensive in Iraq, although US criticism brought it to a rapid end.
US Defence Secretary Robert Gates has suggested the military struggle against the PKK be conducted together with economic and political means. "Only this way can terrorism be stopped," he said.