Some groups are calling on the United States to challenge China's "firewall" before the World Trade Organisation, as a bilateral row over cyberattacks on Google adds to trade tensions.
As President Barack Obama awaits answers from Beijing on the cyberstrikes, Washington is being asked to contest China's Internet censorship as a breach of global trade rules to which the Asian giant, as a WTO member, is subject.
"The US can argue that China's 'Great Firewall' - a system of filters and bottlenecks that effectively shutters the country within its own intranet - is an illegal restraint on international trade because it bars foreign companies from competing, via the Internet, in the vast Chinese market," argues Peter Scheer, executive director of the First Amendment Coalition.
The nonprofit US-based free speech group has petitioned US Trade Representative (USTR) Ron Kirk, Obama's top trade official, to invoke World Trade Organisation treaties to curtail China's censorship of the Internet.
China's action to halt Internet commerce at its "borders" is akin to a government regulation requiring perishable agricultural exports from the US to sit for days on China's docks prior to transhipment to internal distribution facilities, Scheer said.
Kirk's office confirmed that it was discussing the issue with the First Amendment Coalition and other groups. "This is a very complex area that we continue to think through, in consultation with interested groups including the First Amendment Coalition and have not made any decisions one way or another," USTR spokeswoman Debbie Mesloh told AFP.
Asked on the prospect of a WTO action if China, for example, did not respond to a US request for a thorough and transparent probe of Google's claims, Mesloh said, "This is an issue of broad concern to the Administration - going far beyond USTR.
"The Administration awaits China's response to our concerns; we have no comment beyond that." China has the highest number of online users at nearly 400 million, surpassing even the United States, making it among the most appealing markets for foreign technology companies. When China acceded to the WTO in 2001, it agreed to give unlimited access and equal treatment to foreign-based or foreign-owned businesses in many categories of services, including online services, according to a recent report of the European Centre for International Political Economy in Brussels.
The United States and China are also locked in other trade disputes ranging from tires, steel and poultry to patents, Hollywood films and currency. The WTO has ruled against China in several cases that were brought before the Geneva-based global trade watchdog.