Chemists in South Korea and the United States have improved the design of a type of artificial crystal, doubling the amount of carbon-dioxide they can absorb and store. Called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the metallic crystals are porous, stable structures that can absorb and compress gases into very small spaces.
Scientists are hoping such materials can lead to cleaner energy and help capture heat-trapping carbon dioxide emissions before they reach the atmosphere and contribute to global warming, rising sea levels and ocean acidity.
Led by Omar Yaghi at UCLA's California NanoSystems Institute, the team improved upon an earlier crystal named MOF-177 to produce two new versions - MOF-200 and MOF-210 - that can store twice the volume of gases. "Porosity is a way to do a lot with little," said Yaghi, a chemistry and biochemistry professor, in a statement. "Instead of having only the outside surface of a particle, we drill small holes to dramatically increase the surface area."
The improved crystals were described in a paper published in the online edition of the journal Science. Jaheon Kim, a chemistry professor at Seoul's Soongsil University, helped design the MOF-210. He described one gram of MOFs as being about the size of four sugar tablets. When flattened, each gram of these improved crystals could spread over 5,000 square metres, Yaghi said. "If I take a gram of MOF-200 and unravel it, it will cover many football fields, and that is the space you have for gases to assemble," Yaghi said. "It's like magic. Forty tons of MOFs is equal to the entire surface area of California."