Election Commission of Pakistan has so far arranged seventy two by-elections for the seats of senate national and provincial assemblies since 2008 General Elections. These by-elections included two for senate seats, while 70 by-elections were held at various vacant constituencies in all four provinces. By-elections were held to fill the vacant seats due to demise of parliamentarians, resignations, disqualification on account of fake degrees.
According to official document of Election Commission of Pakistan, 16 by-elections were held for National Assembly seats, 30 for Punjab Assembly, 5 for Sindh Assembly, 14 for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 5 for Balochistan. Six National Assembly seats were vacant due to the resignation under Article 223, 3 due to the fake degrees and 8 seats due to the resignations and deaths of MNAs. In by-election for Punjab Assembly 13 seats were vacant due to the resignation under article 223, 3 due to the decision of court, 8 due to the fake degrees, one due to the resignation and 7 seats due to the deaths of MPAs.
In Sindh Assembly, 3 were vacant due to the resignation under Article 223, 1 due to decision of Court and one due to the death of a parliamentarian. In Balochistan, one by-election was held due to resignation under Article 223, one due to resignation and three due to deaths of parliamentarians. Out of 14 by-elections in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 4 seats were vacant due to the resignation under Article 223, one due to the decision of court and 9 due to the deaths of MPAs.