Syrian President Bashar al-Assad faced rare dissent within his Baath Party and signs of discontent in the army over violent repression of protesters that a rights group said on Thursday had killed 500 people. Two hundred members of the ruling party from southern Syria resigned on Wednesday after the government sent in tanks to crush resistance in the city of Deraa, where a six-week-old uprising against Assad's authoritarian rule erupted.
Diplomats said signs were also emerging of differences within the army where the majority of troops are Sunni Muslims, but most officers belong to Assad's minority Alawite sect. The Baath Party says it has more than a million members in Syria, making Wednesday's resignations more a symbolic than a real challenge to Assad's 11-year rule.
But along with the resignations last week of two Deraa parliamentarians, they would have been unthinkable before nation-wide pro-democracy demonstrations flared last month. One diplomat said soldiers had confronted secret police at least once this month to stop them shooting at protesters. "No one is saying that Assad is about to lose control of the army, but once you start using the army to slaughter your own people, it is a sign of weakness," he said.
Criticism of Assad has intensified since 100 people were killed in protests last week and tanks rolled into Deraa. The United States says it is considering tightening sanctions and European governments will discuss Syria on Friday. Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd called on Thursday for international sanctions on Syria over the crackdown and said the United Nations should send a special envoy to investigate the killings.
But a European push for the UN Security Council to condemn the crackdown was blocked by Russia, China and Lebanon. China said on Thursday that Damascus should resolve its problems through talks, while Russia said Syrian authorities should bring to justice those responsible for the killings.
The upheaval could have major regional repercussions since Syria straddles the fault lines of the Middle East conflict. Assad has bolstered an anti-Israel alliance with Shia Iran and both countries back the Hezbollah and Hamas militant groups, although Syria still seeks peace with the Jewish state. Syria has blamed armed Islamist groups for the killings and accused politicians in neighbouring Lebanon of fomenting violence, allegations they have denied.
Around 1,500 Syrian women and children crossed into northern Lebanon on Thursday, witnesses said, fleeing gunfire in the Syrian border town of Tel Kelakh. It was not clear how many people were hurt in the clash but Lebanese security sources said the army had stepped up patrols in the area. Syria has expelled most foreign correspondents, making it difficult to verify the situation on the ground.