Pakistan ranks 6th globally among the 22 high tuberculosis risk countries, and contributes 43 percent of the disease towards the Eastern-Mediterranean region of World Health Organisation (WHO). According to available data, the incidence of TB per 100,000 population in Pakistan is 181, case notification per 100,000 per year is 150 while the treatment success rate is 85 percent.
An estimated one-third of the world's population is currently infected with TB. World Health Organisation is working on its plan to cut TB prevalence rates and deaths by half by 2015. Official sources said more than 700,000 TB patients have been treated free of cost and 100 percent latest treatment methodology of DOTS coverage is achieved in the country. They said training and health education materials have been developed and all concerned health care providers have been trained. They said external quality assurance for sputum microscopy is implemented in 40 districts of the country while five reference laboratories have been established included one at federal level and one each at provincial level.
According to health experts, TB is an infectious bacterial disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. They added the disease is transmitted from person to person via droplets from the throat and lungs of people with the active respiratory disease. They added in healthy people, infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis often causes no symptoms, since the person's immune system acts to wall off the bacteria.
They said the symptoms of active TB of the lung are coughing, sometimes with sputum or blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. They added tuberculosis is treatable with a six-month course of antibiotics.