Gains on Wall Street, with the Dow breaking above the 25,000 milestone, as well as this week's corporate bond supply also put upward pressure on yields.
"Today's reports should weigh upon the 10-year Treasury and boost its yield," said Stan Shipley, a strategist at Evercore ISI in New York.
US companies added 250,000 workers in December, marking the biggest monthly increase since March and topping the 190,000 gain forecast among analysts polled by Reuters, the ADP National Employment Report showed earlier on Thursday.
The latest ADP data supported the notion of a solid payrolls report for December from the US Labor Department, which is due at 8:30 a.m. (1330 GMT) on Friday. They also boosted bets in the futures market of a possible rate hike at the Fed's March 20-21 meeting.
Federal funds futures implied traders saw a 73 percent chance of a quarter-point rate increase to 1.50 percent-1.75 percent in March, up from 68 percent late on Wednesday, according to CME Group's FedWatch.
Perception of a possible March rate increase weighed the yield curve to near its flattest level in a decade as shorter-dated yields rose more than longer-dated ones.
This curve flattener move, a popular trade in 2017, will likely persist should domestic inflation continues to undershoot the Fed's 2 percent goal even as business activity and hiring pick up after the US tax overhaul enacted in December, analysts and traders said.
At 10:24 a.m. (1507 GMT), the spread between five-year and 30-year Treasury yields narrowed to 52 basis points, about 1 basis point short of the flattest level in a decade set earlier this week.
Benchmark 10-year Treasury yields were up nearly 4 basis points at 2.482 percent.
Earlier on Thursday, the two-year yield reached 1.976 percent, the highest since October 2008, while the five-year yield touched 2.292 percent, the highest since April 2011.
On Wall Street, the three major indexes set record highs in early trading, bolstered by the upbeat ADP jobs data and optimism about global economic growth.
On the supply front, companies have raised $16.25 billion in the investment-grade bond market so far this week, according to IFR, a Thomson Reuters unit.