Brazil extended the reach of a financial tax on foreign debt on Monday in yet another attempt to slow an avalanche of dollar inflows that has driven up the value of its currency, threatening a fragile economic recovery. President Dilma Rousseff extended the scope of a 6 percent tax known as the IOF on foreign borrowing, applying it to debt maturing in up to five years, according to a decree in the government's official daily gazette on Monday.
The tax had previously been charged when companies in Brazil took foreign loans and issued bonds abroad with a maturity under two years, but was extended to three years on March 1. Rousseff has blamed loose monetary policy in developed economies for foreign cash flows into Brazil's financial markets that have fuelled the appreciation of the local currency, the real. The stronger currency has unleashed a flood of cheap imports and hurt the competitiveness of struggling Brazilian industries.
The real weakened more than 1 percent early on Monday to 1.8074 per dollar, its weakest level in two months. The tax measures and more aggressive market interventions by the central bank have weakened the real by more than 4 percent so far this month, making it one of the world's worst performing currencies. Still, economists voiced doubt as to the long-term effectiveness of the measure, noting that it would only affect a small portion of Brazilian corporate debt.
"Ultimately, they didn't have any impact on the real the last time around in 2010 and the first half of 2011," said Neil Shearing, senior economist with Capital Economics in London, citing a rally that pushed the real to 1.55 per dollar. "I suspect they're only really swimming against the tide this time around too," he added.