Republican presidential challenger Mitt Romney accused President Barack Obama in remarks aired on Sunday of political motivation ahead of the November 6 election by offering work permits to hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants brought to the United States as children.
White House senior adviser David Plouffe said it was not a political move but rather an "enforcement discretion decision" by the US Department of Homeland Security.
Hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants who were brought into the United States as children could be able to avoid deportation and get work permits under the policy change announced on Friday by Obama. Most illegal immigrants in the United States are Hispanics.
In an interview taped for broadcast on Sunday on the CBS program "Face the Nation," Romney questioned Obama's timing.
"If he really wanted to make a solution that dealt with these kids or with illegal immigration in America, then this is something he would have taken up in his first 3 1/2 years, not in his last few months," Romney said.
Asked if he thought Obama's order was motivated by politics, Romney said, "That's certainly a big part of the equation." In a move that seemed to be aimed at Hispanics whose enthusiasm for voting in the election could be crucial to Obama's re-election chances, the president acted to potentially protect 800,000 people from deportation proceedings. It allowed Obama, whose administration has faced criticism from some Hispanic groups for deporting about 400,000 illegal immigrants a year, to draw a sharp contrast between himself and Romney. Romney, in trying to appeal to his party's most conservative voters, has taken a harsh stance against illegal immigration.
Early this year, Romney said he favoured "self-deportation" in which illegal immigrants realise they would be better off returning to their native countries after employment restrictions left them unable to find work in the United States.
Plouffe said the administration's decision meant that the focus of immigration enforcement could be where it should be - "on criminals, those that cause or can endanger our community."
"This was not a political move. This builds on a lot of steps that we've already taken," he added.
US Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano has said that illegal immigrants up to 30 years old who came to the United States as children and do not pose a risk to national security would be eligible to stay in the country and allowed to apply for work permits.
To avoid deportation, a person must have come to the United States under the age of 16 and have resided in the country for at least five years. They must be in school or have graduated from high school or be honourably discharged from the US military. They also must not have been convicted of any felony or significant misdemeanour offences.
Plouffe said the move was only a temporary solution for a two-year period and a permanent fix was needed through "DREAM Act" legislation that Romney opposes.
Obama has long supported measures to allow the children of illegal immigrants to study and work in the United States, but efforts to pass such measures in Congress have failed amid objections by Republicans.
The Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act passed the House of Representatives in 2010, when Democrats controlled that chamber. But it fell a few votes short in the Senate, amid strong Republican opposition.