ISLAMABAD: Under the State Bank of Pakistan's temporary regulatory measures, banks have deferred a total of Rs653 billion of clients' payment of principal on loan obligations for one year so far, to maintain banking system soundness, and sustain economic activity, says the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
The IMF in its report, "Policy Actions Taken by Countries" updated various steps Pakistan has taken since March to deal with the Covid-19 crisis.
The government has started to implement several measures, through December 2020, to pre-empt a potential second wave, such as toughening the rules for the international passengers travelling from countries with high prevalence of the Covid-19, the update added.
The economic activity worsened notably, and growth is preliminarily estimated at -0.4 percent in the fiscal year, 2020.
A gradual recovery is expected in fiscal year 2021 as the economy reopens, it added.
The report stated that the SBP had responded to the crisis by cutting the policy rate, by a cumulative 625 basis points to seven percent, since March 17.
The SBP has expanded the scope of existing refinancing facilities, and introduced three new ones to: (i) support hospitals and medical centres to purchase equipment to detect, contain, and treat Covid-19 (39 hospitals, Rs7.5 billion, to date); (ii) stimulate investment in new manufacturing plants and machinery, as well as modernisation and expansion of existing projects (140 new projects, Rs94 billion, to date); (iii) incentivise businesses to avoid laying off their workers during the pandemic (2,760 firms, Rs222 billion, to date).
The SBP introduced temporary regulatory measures to maintain banking system soundness, and sustain economic activity.
These include: (i) reducing the capital conservation buffer by 100 basis points to 1.5 percent; (ii) increasing the regulatory limit on extension of credit to the SMEs by 44 percent to Rs180 million ; (iii) relaxing of the debt burden ratio for consumer loans from 50 percent to 60 percent; (iv) allowing banks to defer clients' payment of principal on loan obligations by one year (with a total of Rs653 billion being deferred to date); (v) relaxing regulatory criteria for restructured loans for borrowers who require relief beyond the extension of principal repayment for one year; and (vi) suspending bank dividends for the first two quarters of 2020 to shore up capital.
More recently, the SBP has introduced mandatory targets for banks to ensure loans to construction activities account for at least five percent of the private sector portfolios by December 2021.
The SBP has introduced further regulatory measures to facilitate the import of the Covid-19-related medical equipment and medicine.
These include (i) lifting the limit on import advance payments and import on open account; and (ii) allowing banks to approve an Electronic Import Form (EIF) for the import of equipment donated by international donor agencies and foreign governments.
The SBP has also relaxed the condition of 100 percent cash margin requirement on import of certain raw materials to support the manufacturing and industrial sectors, the report added.
The report added that a relief package worth Rs1.2 trillion was announced by the federal government on March 24, which had been almost fully implemented.
Key measures include: (i) elimination of import duties on emergency health equipment; (ii) cash transfers to 6.2 million daily wage workers (Rs75 billion); (iii) cash transfers to more than 12 million low-income families (Rs150 billion), which has been fully executed; (iv) accelerated tax refunds to the export industry (Rs100 billion), out of which 65 percent have already been disbursed; and (v) financial support to SMEs and the agriculture sector (Rs100 billion) in the form of power bill deferment, bank lending, as well as subsidies and tax incentives.
The economic package also earmarks resources for an accelerated procurement of wheat (Rs280 billion, almost fully executed to date), financial support to Utility Stores (Rs50 billion), a reduction in regulated fuel prices (with a benefit for end consumers estimated at Rs70 billion), support for health and food supplies (Rs15 billion), electricity bill payments relief (Rs110 billion), an emergency contingency fund (Rs100 billion), and a transfer to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) for the purchase of Covid-19 related equipment (Rs25 billion).
The unexecuted part of the relief package will be carried forward to fiscal year 2021.
In addition, the fiscal year 2021 budget includes further increases in health and social spending, tariff and custom duty reductions on food items, an allocation for "Covid-19 Responsive and Other Natural Calamities Control Programme" (Rs70 billion), a housing package to subsidise mortgages (Rs30 billion), as well as the provision of tax incentives to the construction sector (retail and cement companies) to address the acute employment needs generated by the lockdowns.
Since the onset of the crisis, the provincial governments have also been implementing supportive fiscal measures through June 2020, consisting of cash grants to low-income households, tax relief, and additional health spending (including a salary increase for healthcare workers).
The government of Punjab's measures included a Rs18 billion tax relief package and a Rs10 billion cash grants programme. The government of Sindh's measures included cash grant and ration distribution programme of Rs1.5 billion for low-income households.
The fiscal year, 2021 budgets for provincial governments, also provide tax relaxations and sizeable increases in expenditure allocations, especially on health services, to mitigate Covid-19 effects.
It further stated that since mid-April, the federal government, in coordination with the provinces, has gradually eased lockdown arrangements, by allowing selected businesses (e.g. low-risk industries, and small retail shops) to reopen under strict standard operating procedures (SOPs).
In addition, restrictions on domestic and international movement were lifted. On August 10th, further lockdown restrictions were lifted across all provinces and economic sectors.
Educational institutes as well as recreational places, restaurants, malls, and retail outlets have reopened starting from September 15. The report further stated that the first confirmed Covid-19 case was reported on February 26, 2020.
The Covid-19 spread rapidly in Pakistan hitting the peak in June, before slowing down in July. The number of daily new cases since August had been consistently less than 1,000 as compared to the peak of 6,000 new daily cases in mid-June, and the case fatality rate remains low, below two percent.
Starting on March 23rd, both the federal and provincial governments implemented measures to contain and mitigate the spread of the virus. These included selective quarantines, border closures with neighbouring countries, international and domestic travel restrictions, school and university closures, banning of public events, social distancing measures, and varying levels of lockdown across the country.
Copyright Business Recorder, 2020