LONDON: The value of traded global markets for carbon dioxide (CO2) permits grew by 164% to a record 760 billion euros ($851 billion) last year, analysts at Refinitiv said on Monday.
Most of the increase came from the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which launched in 2005 and is the world’s most established carbon market.
It accounted for 90% of the global value at 683 billion euros, the annual Refinitiv Carbon Market Year in Review showed.
Prices in the EU ETS ended 2021 at more than 80 euros a tonne, more than double the price at the end of 2020, on expectations that a more ambitious EU climate target of reducing emissions by 55% by 2030 would lead to a tighter market.
Added to that, soaring natural gas prices from the fourth quarter led to more coal power generation, spurring demand for permits and making them more expensive. The analysts expect gas prices to continue to impact EU carbon permit prices this year.
“More expensive emission permits hit coal power plants relatively harder than gas plants, but because of the soaring gas prices in the second half of 2021, coal generation was still more profitable,” lead carbon analyst at Refinitiv Ingvild Sørhus said.
Emissions trading schemes, or carbon markets, are market-based tools meant to limit greenhouse gas emissions. They put a cap on the amount countries or companies can emit, and if they exceed those limits, they can buy permits from others.
The two regional carbon markets in North America - the Western Climate Initiative and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative - grew by 6% last year combined to around 49 billion euros, Refinitiv said.
Permits in those schemes rose in price by 70% over the course of last year and traded volumes also hit record highs because the caps on the schemes are much tighter through 2030 than to the end of 2020.
CHINA AND BRITAIN LAUNCH SCHEMES
China’s national emissions trading scheme launched in mid-July last year. In contrast to other schemes, China’s emission cap is based on emissions intensity.
Around 179 million tonnes of Chinese emissions permits were traded during the first five and a half months of the scheme, a modest volume compared to the more liquid carbon markets in Europe and North America, the report said.
Britain also launched a carbon market last year, following its departure from the EU.
The UK scheme differs from the EU ETS in that it has a price floor of around 25 euros/tonne that is meant to help drive investment away from fossil fuels, although some companies say it puts them at a disadvantage in the global market.
Turnover amounted to around 23 billion euros last year.