SHANGHAI: China stocks ended slightly lower on Monday, after the central bank surprised markets by leaving the interest rate unchanged when rolling over maturing medium-term policy loans.

The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) instead boosted liquidity injections in the operation. It kept the rate of medium-term lending facility (MLF) loans unchanged at 2.50%, but injected a net 216 billion yuan ($30.11 billion) of fresh fund into the banking system.

China’s CSI 300 index was down 0.1% at market close, while the Hang Seng benchmark lost 0.2%. The Shanghai Composite Index, meanwhile, edged up 0.2%.

In a Reuters poll of 35 market participants conducted last week, 19, or 54.3%, had expected the central bank to cut the MLF rate to help shore up the weak economy.

“The PBoC chose to hold despite strong deflation pressure. This likely reflects its concerns about bank profitability,” ANZ analysts said in a note.

“Policy focus has shifted to the effectiveness of monetary policy. Today’s hold means the chance of an RRR (reserve requirement ratio) cut in February is higher. The authorities will tend to maintain ample liquidity as the Lunar New Year approaches (Feb. 10).”

Shares of new energy companies were down 1.5%, and defence stocks lost 2.5%. Shares in tourism firms jumped 2.7% in China’s winter tourism season. Hong Kong-listed tech giants declined 1.9%.

New bank lending in China rose less than expected in December from the previous month, but lending for the full year set a record as the central bank keeps policy accommodative.

The data “all came in below expectations, showing sluggish credit demand despite the accommodative policy stance,” Goldman Sachs analysts noted.

Investors are awaiting data due this week to measure the pace of recovery, including December industrial output, investment and retail sales, along with fourth-quarter GDP data.