The yen hit a five-month high against the euro on Thursday on renewed safe-haven inflows as the West imposed more sanctions on Russia, which weighed on global risk sentiment. European stocks were in the red while German bunds, another safe haven in times of turmoil, were in demand as the United States slapped sanctions on some major Russia companies including its biggest oil group and largest independent natural gas producer.
The sanctions brought the Russia-Ukraine back into focus, unnerving investors as it could have the potential to disrupt global markets and an economic recovery. The dollar fell 0.25 percent against the yen to 101.41 yen while the euro weakened to 137.185 yen, its lowest since early February. The Swiss franc was also firmer, with the dollar down 0.1 percent against the franc at 0.8976 francs.
"There is a worsening of risk sentiment linked to the events in Russia that is driving up the yen," said Yujiro Goto, currency analyst at Nomura. "Also dollar/yen has been rising in the past few days, so we are seeing some unwinding of those positions. There should be good support at 101.20 for dollar/yen." The yen and Swiss franc are often bought up in times of economic uncertainty and financial market stress.
The dollar index, which measures its performance against a basket of currencies, was slightly lower at 80.527, having hit a one-month high on Wednesday. It had risen on market speculation that Federal Reserve chair Janet Yellen is leaning towards tightening monetary policy. But US yields fell on Thursday, with the 10-year dropping to 2.51 percent, and dragging the dollar down.
"It is somewhat disappointing for dollar bulls that Yellen's testimony over the last couple of days failed to trigger a larger reaction in the forward anticipation of Fed moves," said John Hardy, head of currency strategy at Saxo Bank. "So the dollar may continue to trade passively in the middle of the pack as the focus is on the euro and yen."
The euro was steady against the dollar at $1.3530, recovering from a one-month low of $1.35205 hit earlier in the session. Traders said a break of support at $1.35 could cause a wave of selling. Eurostat confirmed June's consumer inflation was subdued at an annual 0.5 percent, well below the European Central Bank's inflation target of close to 2 percent. It has little policy implications for now, given the ECB wants to wait to see how its latest measures, including negative deposit rates, work.
But a number of investors are putting bearish euro bets in place, suggesting the currency was likely to grind lower in coming months amid diverging monetary policy outlooks between the Fed and the ECB. In the options market, the one-year implied volatility has moved higher to over 6 percent in the past two days and the risk reversal skew - the gauge of demand for options betting on a currency rising or falling - was shifting substantially to euro puts, suggesting losses. The New Zealand dollar continued to struggle after benign local inflation data on Wednesday raised questions about whether the Reserve Bank of New Zealand will continue to tighten much more this year. The kiwi fell to a three-week low of $0.8683 , down 0.4 percent on the day.