Tension is growing ahead of a July 6 deadline when Washington is due to impose $34 billion of tariffs on Chinese exports, with two surveys of Chinese manufacturing out in the last few days showing a softening in activity, partly due to softness in exports.
Meanwhile, German Chancellor Angela Merkel was dealt a fresh blow when her interior minister offered to quit in an escalating row over migration policy, pushing the euro lower.
"The dollar seems to have benefited from safe-haven flows ... as trade tensions and political developments in Europe have reduced investors' appetite for risk," said Oliver Jones, market economist at Capital Economics in London.
But Jones noted that even if global and trade worries ease, the dollar will remain supported.
"Given the outlook for US monetary policy, we think that the currency will be supported by another pick-up in Treasury yields this year should a full-blown trade war be avoided," Jones said.
Taking note of the rising dollar, BNP Paribas trimmed its end-2018 forecasts for the euro and sterling.
In afternoon trading, the dollar index was up 0.4 percent at 95.048
The dollar further extended gains after the Institute for Supply Management's manufacturing index showed a reading of 60.2, higher than the market forecast of 60.2, while US construction spending rose 0.4 percent in May.
"The ongoing good news should make manufacturers happy, and continues to suggest robust gains in the second half," said Michael Montgomery, US economist, at IHS Markit.
Latest positioning data remains broadly dollar-supportive and is an extension of themes seen in currency markets in recent days.
Dollar longs edged higher for a second consecutive week, euro longs got trimmed again with net outstanding long positions at their lowest in nearly two months while the Swiss franc enjoyed some safe-haven support.
A rising dollar also translates into tightening financial conditions for broader financial markets given the US currency's dominance in global financing and trading markets.
GERMAN CONCERNS
The euro fell 0.6 percent to $1.1615 on concerns over political developments in Germany. It racked up its third consecutive monthly loss against the dollar in June.
The dollar extended its gains against the yen to hit a new six-week high of 111.06 yen, pressured by the Bank of Japan's tankan business sentiment survey, which showed a slight dip in big Japanese manufacturers' sentiment.