The yen was on track for its biggest daily fall against the dollar in over a year on Friday after the Bank of Japan stunned markets by joining a handful of major central banks in adopting negative interest rates. The turmoil in markets since the start of the year on fears of slowing global growth, collapsing oil prices and wobbles in China's economy has driven investors to seek safety in the yen, making the BoJ's 2 percent inflation goal ever harder to reach.
The BoJ said it would apply a negative interest rate of minus 0.1 percent on selected current account deposits that financial institutions hold with it, effectively charging banks interest for parking excess deposits at the central bank. The bank said it would cut interest rates further into negative territory if it deemed it necessary.
The dollar jumped by more than 2 percent against the yen at one point to 121.495 yen, it's highest level in more than a month. It pulled back a bit and was last trading at 120.85 yen, up 1.7 percent on the day and on track for its biggest daily gain since December 2014. "We do not think negative rates are a game changer," said Esther Reichelt, currency strategist at Commerzbank. "Pressure on the BoJ will mount to do even more in coming months to attain their inflation target."
She added risk sentiment remains a key driver for the yen and if the currency appreciates, pressure on the BoJ to take rates deeper into negative territory will rise in coming months. The Japanese central bank joins the Swiss National Bank, Sweden's Riksbank, Denmark's central bank and the European Central Bank in adopting negative rates. The SNB, Riksbank and ECB have been grappling with the threat of deflation and have tried to weaken their currencies to boost prices.
Analysts said the drop in the yen so far was smaller than when the first and second round of quantitative easing were announced. Dollar/yen jumped 4 percent the day the first round of QE was announced in April 2013 and rose 3 percent after a second round was announced in October 2014. "Dollar/yen did carry on rising in the days after QQEI and QQEII but we are not as convinced that will be the case this time around," said Derek Halpenny, European head of global market research at Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi.
A firm yen will no doubt cause headaches and Governor Haruhiko Kuroda said the BoJ was concerned about the delay in eradicating a deflationary mindset in Japan. The BoJ maintained its pledge to expand base money at an annual pace of 80 trillion yen ($675 billion) via purchases of Japanese government bonds and risky assets conducted under its quantitative easing programme. In Europe, while euro area inflation ticked up, credit growth slowed while German retail sales were weaker than expected. All of which is likely to keep expectations alive that the ECB will ease policy in March. The euro was down 0.3 percent at $1.09095.