US securities regulators fined Bank of America's Merrill Lynch $415 million Thursday for wrongly tapping customer accounts for billions of dollars for its own trading activities. Merrill, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank of America, from 2009 through 2012 engaged in complex options trades that enabled it to "artificially" reduce its stash of cash held for customer accounts, freeing up to $5 billion for use by the bank, the Securities and Exchange Commission said.
Merrill also failed to honour the requirement that it keep customer funds in accounts that are shielded from claims by third parties should the firm collapse. Merrill kept up to $58 billion of a customer securities in a clearing account from 2009 to 2015 that was subject to a general lien, exposing that cash to potential loss, regulators said. "The rules concerning the safety of customer cash and securities are fundamental protections for investors and impose lines that simply can never be crossed," said Andrew Ceresney, the SEC's director of enforcement.
"Merrill Lynch violated these rules, including during the heart of the financial crisis, and the significant relief imposed today reflects the severity of its failures." Thursday's case included an admission of wrongdoing by Merrill, the SEC said. Ceresney told reporters on a conference call that the agency pushed for the admission given the gravity of the offense and the need for accountability.
The SEC also upped its penalty on Merrill because it failed to disclose the problems to regulators after it ended some of the practices, Ceresney said. "The lack of transparency significantly increased the relief we sought," he said. A Bank of America spokesman said the bank co-operated with the SEC in the probe. "While no customers were harmed and no losses were incurred, our responsibility is to protect customer assets and we have dedicated significant resources to reviewing and enhancing our processes," the spokesman said.