Poland's parliament, led by the conservative Law and Justice (PiS) party, has passed a bill imposing a progressive levy on retailers aimed at bolstering the state budget. The tax, one of PiS's main election promises, will boost the budget by 1.5 billion zlotys ($380 million) annually. It imposes a 0.8 percent levy on monthly revenue between 17 million and 170 million zlotys and 1.4 percent on monthly sales above 170 million.
Poland's fragmented retail market is led by the Biedronka chain, owned by Portugal's Jeronimo Martins, which competes with Germany's Lidl, UK's Tesco and France's Carrefour and Auchan chains.