Brent crude futures lost $1.49, or 2.5 percent, to settle at $58.99 a barrel. US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures fell $1.08 to settle at $50.51 a barrel, a 2.1 percent loss.
Prices have gained more than 18 percent since sinking to one-and-a-half year lows in late December.
"We are thus far viewing today's price pullback as a deserved correction," Jim Ritterbusch, president of Ritterbusch and Associates, said in a note. "Some of the weakness appeared to develop in concert with a selloff in the equities while some profit-taking was also apparent given the fact that domestic fundamentals have yet to post improvement this year."
Technology shares pulled Wall Street lower, after an unexpected drop in China's exports in December re-ignited worries over an global economic slowdown.
The data out of China also weighed on oil prices. China's exports fell by the most in two years in December while imports contracted, official figures showed.
"Oil prices are getting weighted down by the prospects of weaker economic growth in China," Stephen Innes of futures brokerage Oanda said in a report.
"This data drives home just how negative of an impact trade war is having on the Chinese and perhaps global economy."
Despite concern about the outlook, there is little sign that Chinese oil demand has weakened yet. China's crude imports in December surged nearly 30 percent from a year earlier, Reuters calculations of customs data showed.
Saudi Arabia's Energy Minister Khalid al-Falih said on Monday that he is not worried about a global slowdown hurting oil demand as of yet.
"The global economy is strong enough, I'm not too concerned. If a slowdown happens, it will be mild, shallow and short," he told reporters in Abu Dhabi.
With the recent rally in prices, OPEC officials appear more confident that prices will be supported by output declines in January as producers implement the deal agreed to by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and non-OPEC allies, including Russia, in December to cut oil output by 1.2 million barrels per day.
Al-Falih said on Sunday the oil market was "on the right track" and there was no need for an extraordinary OPEC meeting before its next planned gathering in April.