Latin American crude prices and flows to the United States have climbed this week as US refiners tap lesser-used grades and suppliers to replace Venezuelan oil lost due to US sanctions, according to trade sources and Refinitiv Eikon data.
The sudden drop in Venezuela's shipments to the United States worsened a global drought of the heavy crude that US Gulf Coast refineries prefer, spurring a hunt for similar grades.
Producers in Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil are benefiting as Venezuelan shipments fall and Canada and Mexico wrestle with production declines and pipeline constraints. US sanctions that took effect last week bar US companies from paying Venezuela's state-run oil company PDVSA for oil, creating furious demand for heavy and medium barrels.
The US sanctions targeted Venezuela's oil exports to the United States because they are a critical source of cash for Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro's regime and the source of most of its foreign revenue.
US crude prices edged up 5 cents to $52.69 a barrel on Friday. Brent, the international standard, rose 52 cents to $62.15.
Colombia's medium sour Vasconia crude traded on Wednesday at a $1.80 discount to Brent, about $5 stronger than before US sanctions were imposed, traders said. Colombia, the world's sixth-largest heavy crude producer, exported the most Vasconia crude to the United States in 11 months in January, at 142,000 barrels per day (bpd).
The Seaways Portland, a vessel chartered by Valero Energy Corp and carrying almost 500,000 bpd of Colombia's heavy Castilla Blend, was discharging its cargo in Texas City, Texas, on Friday. Castilla strengthened this week to a $4.50 discount.
Another seven tankers carrying more than 5.2 million barrels Colombian crude, including vessels chartered by trader Trafigura AG and oil major BP PLC, are scheduled to offload crude at US ports this month.
Ecuador's medium sour Oriente crude this week fetched a $3.81 per barrel discount to Brent, compared with an average discount of $5.74 over the past three years, traders said.
The world's eighth-largest producer of heavy crude last month shipped the most Oriente crude to the United States in a year and a half, at 143,000 barrels per day (bpd), Refinitiv Eikon data show.
The Aquapuelche, carrying more than 500,000 barrels of Oriente, was preparing to discharge on Friday at Los Angeles. Two other tankers with 1.3 million barrels were due to arrive at West Coast ports in coming days.
Venezuela sold around 500,000 bpd of heavy crude to US Gulf Coast refiners in 2018, with almost all of it purchased by Citgo Petroleum Corp, Chevron Corp, Valero Energy Corp and PBF Energy Inc.
US sanctions have stranded 10.97 million barrels of Venezuelan crude on tankers in the Gulf of Mexico as shippers work out how to offload or sell the crude. They include 5.7 million barrels chartered by Chevron, 2.1 million barrels by Citgo and 500,000 barrels by Valero, Eikon data showed.