Chase, who was promoted to bat at number four, made 94 before he was bowled by teenage spinner Mujeeb Ur Rahman while opener Hope compiled an unbeaten 77.
Chase also took two wickets with his off-spin to help dismiss Afghanistan for 194 in their newly adopted home in Lucknow. India has been the home of the war-torn nation's cricket team since 2015.
The air in Lucknow was classed as "very unhealthy" for the match, as north India has been in the grip of severe seasonal pollution.
It was cricket as usual for the players though with Hope and Chase anchoring the chase after Evin Lewis was trapped lbw for seven and Shimron Hetmyer removed for three.
"Losing early wickets and not batting 50 overs is something that has been haunting us for a long time," said West Indies' new limited-overs skipper Kieron Pollard.
"Two guys showed the way - Hope and Chase. Both of them are class batsmen, kudos to them for batting well and getting us victory."
The right-handed Chase missed out on what would have been his maiden ODI century. Nicholas Pooran hit the winning boundary.
Afghanistan batsmen Rahmat Shah and Ikram Alikhil hit half-centuries in a 111-run partnership before the rest of the batting crumbled in 45.2 overs.
Afghanistan lost openers Hazratullah Zazai and Javed Ahmadi with just 15 runs on the board before Shah (61) and Alikhil (58) steadied the innings.
Alikhil was run out in a freak manner after he left his crease to congratulate his partner who had completed his fifty with a single, but the ball was in wicketkeeper Hope's gloves and still in play.
Hope clipped off the bails and appealed and umpire Paul Reiffel referred it to the third umpire who gave it out much to the shock of the batsman as he believed the ball was dead.
Three balls later, Chase got Najibullah Zadran for nought.
Mohammed Nabi and Gulbadin Naib also fell cheaply and Afghanistan's last four wickets went for just four runs. Asghar Afghan made 35 before being run out by a direct hit from Jason Holder.
Chase returned figures of 2-31 while debutant Romario Shepherd and fellow quick Holder also claimed two wickets each.
"Looked like a 240-250 wicket. Had we bowled or fielded well, we could've defended it," Afghanistan skipper Rashid Khan said. "Ikram and Rahmat gave us a few opportunities, but we didn't capitalise. Credit to them. Every match is a lesson and we have to learn from it. We'll take the positives from here, looking to improve."-AFP
Scoreboard
================================================= Afghanistan ================================================= H. Zazai b Cottrell 9 J. Ahmadi c Pooran b Holder 5 R. Shah c Holder b Chase 61 I. AliKhil run out (Lewis/Hope) 58 N. Zadran c Holder b Chase 0 A. Afghan run out (Holder) 35 M. Nabi c Cottrell b Holder 1 G. Naib c Chase b Walsh 17 R. Khan c Hope b Shepherd 0 Naveen c Pollard b Shepherd 1 M. Ur Rahman not out 0 Extras: (lb2, w5) 7 ================================================= Total: (all out, 45.2 overs) 194 =================================================
Fall of wickets: 1-11 (Zazai), 2-15 (Ahmadi), 3-126 (Alikhil), 4-126 (Zadran), 5-152 (Shah), 6-158 (Nabi), 7-191 (Naib), 8-192 (Rashid), 9-194 (Afghan), 10-194 (Naveen)
Bowling: Cottrell 7-0-33-1 (w1), Holder 10-2-21-2, Joseph 5-0-42-0 (w1), Shepherd 6.2-0-32-2, Chase 10-0-31-2 (w3), Walsh 7-0-33-1
================================================= West Indies (target 195) ================================================= S. Hope not out 77 E. Lewis lbw b Rahman 7 S. Hetmyer c Alikhil b Naveen 3 R. Chase b Rahman 94 N. Pooran not out 8 Extras: (lb4, w4) 8 ================================================= Total: (3 wkts, 46.3 overs) 197 =================================================
Did not bat: J. Holder, K. Pollard, A. Joseph, S. Cottrell, R. Shepherd, H. Walsh
Fall of wickets: 1-12 (Lewis), 2-25 (Hetmyer), 3-188 (Chase)
Bowling: Rahman 10-1-33-2, Naveen 8-1-30-1 (w1), Rashid 10-0-43-0, Nabi 10-0-44-0 (w2), Naib 5-0-28-0, Ahmadi 3.3-0-15-0
Toss: West Indies
Result: West Indies won by seven wickets
Series: West Indies lead the three-match series 1-0
Umpires: Paul Reiffel (AUS), Bismillah Jan Shinwari (AFG)
TV Umpire: Izatullah Safi (AFG)
Match referee: Chris Broad (ENG).