The mission - known by the acronym MINUSCA - authorizes the presence of 11,650 troops and 2,080 police in CAR in order to protect civilians and foster stability.
It is also authorized to help facilitate presidential, legislative and local elections scheduled for 2020 and 2021.
The Security Council unanimously renewed its mandate until November 2020.
It is the first renewal since 14 militias signed up to an eighth attempted peace agreement with the Central African government early this year. Militias have breached the accord repeatedly.
One of the world's poorest and most unstable nations, CAR has suffered several violent crises since 2003 when former president Francois Bozize seized power in a coup. The country spiraled into bloodshed after Bozize was overthrown in 2013.