SpaceX's historic first crewed launch was set to proceed as scheduled Wednesday, NASA announced at midday, but some uncertainty remained over weather conditions just over four hours before takeoff.
"We are go for launch!" tweeted NASA chief Jim Bridenstine. "@SpaceX and @NASA will continue monitoring liftoff and downrange weather as we step into the countdown. We are proceeding toward a 4:33 launch." The mission will see the California-based company send astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley on a voyage in SpaceX's Crew Dragon capsule to the International Space Station.
It will be a first for the private sector and the first crewed mission to blast off from US soil in almost a decade following the shuttering of the Space Shuttle program in 2011.
A thunderstorm lashed the Kennedy Space Center in the morning, and the National Hurricane Center announced a tropical storm was forming off South Carolina, a possible risk if astronauts are forced to carry out an emergency landing in the Atlantic shortly after takeoff.
But a NASA announcer later announced that conditions were improving, placing the odds at launching on time at around 50-50. The next window is Saturday.
For the moment, launch is scheduled for 4:33 pm (2033 GMT) from the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39A, the same from which Neil Armstrong and his Apollo 11 crewmates lifted off on their historic journey to the Moon.
The mission has proceeded despite shutdowns caused by the coronavirus pandemic, with the crew in quarantine for the past two weeks.
Founded in 2002, Space Exploration Technologies Corp. has torn up the rules to produce a lower-cost alternative to human spaceflight that has gradually won over skeptics.
By 2012, it had become the first private company to dock a cargo capsule at the ISS, resupplying the station regularly ever since. Two years later, NASA ordered the next step: to transport its astronauts there, starting in 2017, by adapting the Dragon capsule. "SpaceX would not be here without NASA," Musk said last year, after a successful dress rehearsal without humans for the trip to the ISS. The space agency paid more than $3 billion for SpaceX to design, build, test and operate its reusable capsule for six future space round trips. The project has experienced delays, explosions, and parachute problems - but even so, SpaceX has beaten aerospace giant Boeing to the punch. Boeing's NASA entry, the Starliner, is still not ready. The move by NASA to invest in privately developed spacecraft - a more economic proposition than spending tens of billions of dollars developing such systems itself, as it had done for decades - was begun under the presidency of George W. Bush for cargo, and then under Barack Obama for human flight.
At the time, there was immense hostility in Congress and NASA to the start-up's claims of what it could achieve.
Trump to attend
A decade on it is another president, Donald Trump, who will attend Wednesday's launch in Florida. The Republican is trying to reaffirm American domination of space, militarily but also by ordering a return to the Moon in 2024. If NASA can entrust "low Earth orbit" space travel to the private sector, it would free up dollars for its more distant missions. "We envision a future where low Earth orbit is entirely commercialized, where NASA is one customer of many customers," NASA's Bridenstine said. Crew Dragon is a capsule like Apollo, but updated for the 21st century. Touch screens have replaced switches. The interior is dominated by white, more subtle lighting. It looks entirely different than the huge winged space shuttles that carried astronauts into space from US soil from 1981 to 2011. "We're expecting a smooth ride but we're expecting a loud ride," said Behnken, who, like Hurley, also flew in the shuttles twice.
Unlike the shuttles, one of which - the Challenger - exploded in 1986 after launch, Dragon can eject in an emergency if the Falcon 9 rocket has a problem boosting it into space. Crew Dragon will catch up with the space station on Thursday at an altitude of 400 kilometers, and will probably remain docked there until August. If it fulfils its mission and is certified safe, it will mean the Americans will no longer depend on Russia for access to space: since 2011, the Russian Soyuz rockets were the only space taxis available.