US stocks tumbled for a second day on Thursday as Middle East violence pushed oil to a record and drove investors to safe-haven assets, such as bonds and gold.
Concerns about the prospects for corporate profits also persisted after newspaper publisher Tribune Co posted a drop in quarterly earnings, while snowmobile and motorcycle maker Polaris Industries Inc said earnings fell and showed further evidence that US consumers are pulling back on discretionary spending.
The Dow Jones industrial average fell 166.89 points, or 1.52 percent, to end at 10,846.29, while the Standard & Poor's 500 Index slid 16.31 points, or 1.30 percent, to finish at 1,242.29. The Nasdaq Composite Index was down 36.13 points, or 1.73 percent, at 2,054.11.
The Dow was down a total of about 250 points over two days. All but three of the 30 Dow components were lower and the Nasdaq closed at its lowest level since October. The S&P 500 is also now negative on the year. Stocks found little support from higher-than-expected profit reports from PepsiCo Inc, the world's No 2 soft drink company.
One of the bigger drags on the Dow and the S&P 500 was Wal-Mart, which slid 2.2 percent, or 99 cents, to close at $44.16 on the New York Stock Exchange after Merrill Lynch lowered its rating to "neutral" from "buy." Merrill said Wal-Mart's customers were grappling with steep energy prices, rising interest rates and stricter credit-card payment terms.
The Wal-Mart news hurt other retailers, sending the S&P retailing index down nearly 1 percent. Crude oil for August delivery surged to a record $76.85 a barrel, the highest for a front-month contract since the New York Mercantile Exchange started trading oil futures in 1983. The NYMEX August crude contract ended the session up $1.75 at $76.70, a record settlement price.
Oil prices had already reached record highs earlier in the day as supply worries were aggravated by a host of geopolitical concerns, including Iran's nuclear stand-off with the West and damage to a Nigerian pipeline caused by explosions.
Gold futures, seen as a hedge against global risk, soared on the COMEX division of the New York Mercantile Exchange, with the August gold contract climbing $3.20 to settle at $654.40 an ounce.
US Treasury debt prices rose, with the benchmark 10-year Treasury note 7/32 higher and the yield slipping to 5.08 percent from 5.11 percent on Wednesday. PepsiCo said quarterly earnings rose and beat Wall Street estimates, pushing shares up 1.6 percent, or 97 cents, to $62.07 after hitting a record high of $62.33.
The Polaris news continued the leisure industry's spate of bad news, coming the same day that recreational vehicle maker Fleetwood Enterprises posted lower-than-expected earnings. And on Wednesday, Brunswick Corp, the world's largest maker of recreational boats, cut its yearly outlook.
In NYSE trading, Polaris shares slid 2.7 percent, or $1.11, to $39.54, while Fleetwood Enterprises stock lost 2.6 percent, or 18 cents, to $6.71, and Brunswick shares sank 4.4 percent, or $1.30, to $28.25.
Trading was active on the New York Stock Exchange, where about 1.78 billion shares changed hands, above last year's daily average of 1.61 billion. On Nasdaq, about 2.10 billion shares traded, above last year's daily average of 1.80 billion.
On the NYSE, decliners beat advancers by a ratio of about 7 to 2. On Nasdaq, about four stocks fell for every one that rose.
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