Sudan ignored US pressure to accept UN troops in Darfur, sidelining Washington's top diplomat on Africa on Monday ahead of a critical UN Security Council debate on quelling violence in Sudan's western region.
US Assistant Secretary of State Jendayi Frazer hoped to deliver a strong message to President Omar Hassan al-Bashir that he must accept UN troops but it was not clear he would meet with her.
Frazer was greeted by an angry crowd telling her to go home on her arrival in Khartoum on Saturday. Her meetings with Sudanese officials since then have been described by one Foreign Ministry official as "just protocol meetings nothing else".
The UN began a closed-door Security Council meeting in New York on Monday to discuss a US and British sponsored draft resolution to deploy around 20,000 troops and police to Darfur.
The US Ambassador to the UN, John Bolton, said Sudan had decided to boycott the meeting.
Bashir, whose government has consistently rejected UN forces in western Sudan, calls the resolution an attempt at a Western invasion.
UN Emergency Relief Co-ordinator Jan Egeland warned the Security Council that Darfur was on the brink of a fresh humanitarian disaster threatening "massive loss of life."
Without safer conditions for aid workers, greater access to those in need and an end to the violence, the international humanitarian operation could collapse, threatening hundreds of thousands of deaths, he said.
"Insecurity is at its highest levels since 2004, (humanitarian) access at its lowest levels since that date and we may well be on the brink of a return to all-out war," Egeland told the council, according to a text of his remarks.
Tens of thousands of people have been killed and 2.5 million forced to find shelter in miserable camps during 3-1/2 years of fighting in Darfur. Mostly non-Arab rebels took up arms accusing central government of marginalising the remote west.
Politicians say Khartoum fears UN troops would be used to arrest any officials likely to be indicted by the International Criminal Court investigating alleged war crimes in the region.
NEW OFFENSIVE?
But rights groups say there are also indications Sudan may not want international forces in Darfur because it is not prepared to end its military operation there.
Amnesty International, in a statement on Monday, supported US claims the Sudanese government was preparing a new offensive in Darfur against some rebel factions who did not sign a May peace deal.
"Eyewitnesses in el-Fasher in North Darfur are telling us that Sudanese government military flights are flying in troops and arms on a daily basis," said Kate Gilmore, Amnesty International's executive deputy secretary general.
While Britain says it hopes the UN Security Council resolution will be adopted by the end of August, the United Nations said it cannot deploy unless Khartoum agrees.
Khartoum submitted a plan to the Security Council, which would send 10,500 more government troops to Darfur to stop the violence instead of a UN force.
An editorial in the state-owned Sudan Vision on Monday said Sudan would never give in to pressure to accept UN forces.
"Britain and the American administration ... were required to lead the international community in boosting Sudan's peace instead of destabilising it," it said.
"Both of them have chosen to drag Sudan into confrontation with the United Nations of which Sudan is a member."
Sudanese leaders have said they will take up arms to expel any UN forces in Darfur and even turn against the government if it accepts international troops.
Those statements echo comments by Osama bin Laden, hosted by Sudan in the 1990s, who has said al Qaeda would fight in Darfur if UN troops were deployed.
Around 7,000 African Union troops are struggling to monitor a shaky truce in Darfur, but short of cash and capabilities they have been unable to stem the violence.
Aid agencies say access to the more than 3.5 million people in need is at its lowest since the war began in 2003 because of worsening security. Eleven aid workers have been killed since the May peace deal.
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