Migrant farm workers in South Korea face rampant abuse under a "shameful" government work permit system that encourages exploitation, Amnesty International said in a report published Monday. The report, which the South Korean Labour Ministry suggested was exaggerated, came on the heels of a visit by the UN's special rapporteur on racism, who also cited "serious problems" faced by the growing number of foreign workers hired as low-paid, unskilled manual labourers.
The Amnesty report, titled "Bitter Harvest" and based on interviews with dozens of farm workers around the country, painted a picture of intimidation and violence, coupled with excessive working hours and squalid accommodation. "The exploitation of migrant farm workers in South Korea is a stain on the country," said Norma Kang Muico, Asia-Pacific Migrant Rights Researcher at Amnesty.
"The authorities have created a shameful system that allows trafficking for exploitation and forced labour to flourish. "If South Koreans were trapped in a similar cycle of abuse, there would rightly be outrage," Muico said. As of 2013, there were around 250,000 migrant workers in South Korea, 20,000 of them working in the agricultural sector. They are contracted under the government's Employment Permit System (EPS), which the Amnesty report criticised for being excessively weighted in favour of employers, leaving workers trapped and vulnerable and without sufficient legal protection.
While employers can fire workers at will, the migrants - mainly from Cambodia, Nepal and Vietnam - can only change jobs if their current employer signs a release form. Because many rack up large debts at home to get to South Korea, the cost of losing their jobs is enormous, leaving them little leverage when they are exploited. "The EPS leaves migrant workers at the mercy of unscrupulous employers who take advantage of the system's severe restrictions on migrants' ability to change jobs," Muico said. "For many migrants saddled with huge debts, staying with an abusive boss appears the only option," she added.
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