The tuberculosis epidemic is larger than previously thought, infecting 10.4 million people last year, while research into vaccines and cures is "severely underfunded," the World Health Organisation warned on Thursday.
Across the planet, 1.8 million people died of TB last year, 300,000 more than a year earlier, according to the WHO's Global TB Report 2016.
"We face an uphill battle to reach the global targets for tuberculosis," said Margaret Chan, WHO Director General. "There must be a massive scale-up of efforts, or countries will continue to run behind this deadly epidemic and these ambitious goals will be missed."
Two out of five people who fell sick with the disease - caused by a bacteria that infects the lungs and makes people cough up blood - went undiagnosed and untreated.
Nearly half a million people were diagnosed with multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), with about half of those cases in India, China, and the Russian Federation.
"WHO's annual look at the global state of tuberculosis this year makes for a shockingly bad report card," said a statement from Doctors Without Borders.
"The WHO Global TB Report is a wake-up call to break the status quo in how TB, and its drug-resistant forms, are being diagnosed and treated."
India underestimated
According to the report, the size of the epidemic rose largely because researchers realized that earlier estimates in India from 2000-2015 were too low. Six countries accounted for 60 percent of the new cases: India, Indonesia, China, Nigeria, Pakistan and South Africa. Despite the year-on-year jump from 2014-2015, looking back over the past 15 years, the number of TB deaths fell by 22 percent, said the report. Still, TB remained one of the top 10 causes of death world-wide last year. And while the overall rate of TB world-wide is falling, the pace is not fast enough, the WHO report warned. "World-wide, the rate of decline in TB incidence remained at only 1.5 percent from 2014 to 2015," it said.
"This needs to accelerate to a four to five percent annual decline by 2020 to reach the first milestones of the End TB Strategy." The goal aims for a 35 percent reduction in the absolute number of TB deaths and a 20 percent reduction in the TB incidence rate by 2020, compared with levels in 2015.
Governments at the World Health Assembly and at the United Nations General Assembly have called to for a 90 percent reduction in TB deaths and an 80 percent reduction in TB cases by 2030 compared with 2015.
Cash shortages are also a persistent problem. "Funding during the decade 2005-2014 never exceeded $0.7 billion per year," said the report. The amount of money being spent on research and development for TB treatments needs to be at least $2 billion per year, it added. "The resources deployed against TB, the leading infectious killer in the world, are falling short," said Ariel Pablos-Mendez, assistant administrator for Global Health at the US Agency for International Development (USAID). "The development aid community needs to step up more investments now, or we will simply not end one of the world's oldest and deadliest diseases."
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