China signs three-year $2.62 billion bilateral currency swap with Egypt

China and Egypt on Tuesday concluded an 18 billion yuan ($2.62 billion) three-year bilateral currency swap, a move that importers and economists said would facilitate trade and improve foreign currency liquidity in cash-strapped Egypt. Egypt's central bank, which signed the deal with the People's Bank of China, said the arrangement could be extended by mutual consent. "This bilateral currency swap is a mutually beneficial arrangement between both countries," it said in a statement.
The People's Bank of China said the move was aimed at promoting trade and investment and maintaining financial stability in both countries. China has carried out swaps with more than 30 central banks around the world to increase the use of the yuan as a global reserve currency and to stimulate bilateral trade. The yuan is traded onshore against 16 major currencies.
Neither bank gave details on how the Egyptian currency swap would work but economists and businesspeople expect it to have a positive impact on Egypt's foreign reserve position. "The position of the central bank is definitely increasing, with more firepower denominated in foreign currency to stabilise the Egyptian pound when needed. So this is definitely something positive," said Hany Farahat, senior economist at Cairo-based CI Capital.
Egypt has struggled to revive its economy since a popular uprising in 2011 drove away tourists and foreign investors, major sources of foreign currency. Reserves tumbled from $36 billion in 2011 to around $16.56 billion at the end of last August. But Egypt has since pressed ahead with a reform programme that has seen it abandon its currency peg, cut subsidies and introduce a value-added tax.
The measures helped Egypt clinch a $12 billion three-year loan from the International Monetary Fund last month. It has already received the first $2.75 billion IMF instalment, helping push foreign reserves above $23 billion in November. Egyptian importers said the deal with China would allow them to source yuan directly, facilitating imports from China whilst reducing demand for dollars and easing pressure on the Egyptian pound.
They said the deal made sense for China as a Chinese developer will be involved in the construction of a planned new Egyptian capital at a cost of $20 billion and Chinese firms were investing in other sectors in Egypt. Egypt's pound has roughly halved in value against the dollar since the central bank abandoned its peg on November 3. The central bank had blamed currency pressures on its large trade deficit.