Police in the German city of Cologne said Sunday a heavy security presence on New Year's Eve prevented a repeat of last year's mass sexual assaults, while denying accusations of racial profiling.
More than 2,000 police were deployed, over 10 times last year's number, in the western city where a year ago hundreds of women were assaulted and robbed, mostly by men described as of Arab and North African origin.
This year police at the flashpoint central railway station and on trains targeted large groups of men of North African origin, checked the identity papers of over 900 people, and ordered many of them to leave the area, police said.
The focus on people from north African countries sparked protests on social media, as did an overnight police tweet that said checks were ongoing of hundreds of "Nafris" - police jargon for North Africans.
News site Spiegel Online, in an article headlined "What is a 'Nafri' please?", quoted a police spokesman as saying the term was used in an effort to keep the Twitter message short.
City police chief Juergen Mathies denied social media criticism of "racial profiling", arguing that many of those who were checked had acted in an "aggressive" manner.
"I reject such criticism," he told reporters. "The clear aim ... was to prevent similar events to those of last year."
At the Cologne railway station square, across from the city's iconic cathedral, authorities also banned fireworks, all bags were checked and new high-definition video cameras provided a live feed to police headquarters.
In the capital Berlin, too, police reported a relatively normal New Year's Eve night as thousands of revellers rang in 2017 at the landmark Brandenburg Gate.
Following a December 19 jihadist attack in which a truck ploughed through a Berlin Christmas market and 12 people died, the mass event was shielded by concrete barriers and guarded by police carrying automatic rifles.
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