Starting before dawn has even broken, Afghanistan's army of saffron pickers shift their way across sun-baked fields to pluck brightly the coloured crocuses that are providing the country's farmers with a new means of income. The delicate pistil of the flower has for centuries been used in cooking around the world and because of its relatively high price has been dubbed "red gold" by those who rely on its cultivation.
Joma Khan is one of the 156,000 seasonal workers who help harvest the spice, earning about $1 an hour. "We start our field work before sunrise and each of us can collect about four to five kilograms of saffron flower," the 16-year-old said. The harvest is then sent to factories where gloved workers remove the red pistil, made up of the three stigma that when dried constitute the spice.
Authorities struggling to wean farmers off the highly profitable opium poppy trade are hoping to use the spice as an attractive alternative.
And the results are looking positive, thanks to billions of dollars of international aid. The saffron harvest hit 13 tonnes this year, compared with a tonne in 2013, according to agriculture ministry spokesman Akbar Rostami. Cultivation requires little water, meaning it has not been heavily impacted by the historic drought currently threatening nearly three million Afghans with famine.
It has even intensified in some drought-hit areas, especially in the northwestern province of Herat on the border with Iran and Turkmenistan. Official figures show saffron cultivation has increased to 6,200 hectares of land in 2018, up 21 percent on last year. However, there is still a way to go, with 263,000 hectares currently given over to poppy production. And while the saffron sector generated $35 billion in 2017, opium made an incredible $1.4 billion. Iran remains the world's largest saffron producer, capturing nearly 90 percent of the global market with 400 tonnes annually.
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