The growing number of people with bird flu-like symptoms in Indonesia does not mean the outbreak is becoming worse, and there is no sign the virus can be passed easily among people, top UN health experts said on Thursday.
Alarm has spread in populous Indonesia. Bird flu has killed four people and 11 are under observation in the capital. Two others, both children, have also died but the government is awaiting results to confirm if the H5N1 virus killed them.
Despite the cases, there is no evidence the H5N1 strain has mutated into a form that could trigger a pandemic, said Georg Petersen, the World Health Organisation's Indonesia representative.
Nevertheless, he pointed to the possibility of transmission through very close contact with an infected person.
"I think very close contact with a sick person might infect that caretaker. That is why in hospitals we need to take all precautions ... That would be in a way a human-to-human transmission, but that demands close, close contact," he said.
Petersen said the case of a father and his two daughters who died in the Tangerang suburb of Jakarta in July might have involved "within-family transmission".
Thailand had reported a probable case of human-to-human transmission in September 2004, when a 26-year-old woman died of bird flu after "prolonged face-to-face exposure" with her daughter, who was hospitalised with the virus.
Dr Margaret Chan, the WHO's global special representative on avian flu, also said on Thursday there was no sign the virus had mutated into a form that could easily spread among people. "So far there is no evidence for increased chance of human-to-human transmission," Chan told Reuters by telephone from Sydney after attending a WHO conference in Noumea, capital of New Caledonia in the South Pacific.
All the confirmed and suspected cases have come from, or near, the capital Jakarta.
Chan said the rise in the number of suspected cases did not point to an epidemic.
"With increased surveillance it's not unusual that you would pick up more cases," Chan said. Bird flu has killed 64 people in Asia since 2003 and has since been found in birds in Russia and Europe.
Petersen said laboratory tests on people killed by bird flu in Indonesia showed they had the same or a similar virus that has killed millions of poultry in Asia.
"The tests from the 37-year-old woman ... so far that looks like the bird virus. So there is no reason to believe there has been any mutation so far," Petersen said of the fourth confirmed bird flu death in the country.
Indonesia's health minister said on Thursday a two-year-old girl who died in Jakarta this week had shown bird flu symptoms, adding that hospitals would be enhanced to cope with the virus.
Eleven patients were now under observation at the designated bird flu hospital in Jakarta, Siti Fadillah Supari added, raising the number from 10. Indonesia is waiting results from Hong Kong after a five-year-old girl also died on Wednesday after suffering bird flu-like symptoms.
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