US stocks surged on Friday to end a turbulent week after the Federal Reserve cut the discount rate it charges banks in an emergency move to stabilise credit markets and keep the economy on track. World stock markets have fallen sharply, with investors fleeing riskier assets as problems in US subprime mortgage lending spread rapidly in other credit markets.
Friday's rally gave the S&P its best day in almost four-and-a-half years. Shares of banks and brokerages, beaten down in the recent turmoil, led the rally and the S&P financial index climbed 3.6 percent. J.P. Morgan Chase shares rose 3.4 percent and Citigroup gained 2.7 percent, pulling the sector higher.
Energy shares, led by a 4.3 percent rise in Exxon, helped fuel the rally as the Fed's surprising discount rate cut relieved some concerns about a possible economic slowdown that would crimp the demand for oil. The threat of Hurricane Dean, which is heading toward oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico, also pushed up the price of oil.
"Stocks are up decently, indicating some of the worst fears of a liquidity crisis are being alleviated," said John Praveen, chief investment strategist at Prudential International Investments Advisers LLC in Newark, New Jersey.
"But I don't think this is the end. We'll likely see some more bouts of fear and volatility in the coming weeks." The Dow Jones industrial average jumped 233.30 points, or 1.82 percent, to 13,079.08 - snapping a six-day streak of losses. It was the first time the Dow had been down for six days in a row since October 2006.
The Standard & Poor's 500 Index shot up 34.67 points, or 2.46 percent, to 1,445.94. The Nasdaq Composite Index soared 53.96 points, or 2.20 percent, to 2,505.03.
The Nasdaq had its best day in a year, led higher by gains in Apple and Research in Motion. But it was still down 1.6 percent for the week. The S&P 500 slipped 0.5 percent for the week, while the Dow's weekly loss was 1.2 percent.
For the year, the Dow is still up 4.9 percent, while the S&P is up nearly 2 percent and the Nasdaq is up 3.7 percent. This marks a turnaround for the S&P, which had given up its gains for the year during Wednesday's steep slide.
Before the US stock market opened, the Fed announced it cut the discount rate by half a percentage point to 5.75 percent, explaining risks to economic growth have increased "appreciably." The Fed's action was designed to give banks confidence that they will continue to have access to capital and help counteract lenders' growing reluctance to make loans.
But it was not the cut in the federal funds rate - the rate at which banks borrow from each other- that many on Wall Street had been hoping for. The central bank's main tool for managing monetary policy was left unchanged at 5.25 percent.
By mid-morning, the major stock indexes were off their session highs in heavier-than-normal trading volume. The initial surge was driven partly by investors reversing bets the market would fall - a move known as short-covering.
Stocks also pared gains after data from the Reuters/University of Michigan Consumer Surveys showed an index of US consumer sentiment slid to its weakest level in a year in August as more expensive oil, declining home prices and turmoil in financial markets all hurt confidence.
Shares of battered mortgage market companies were initially the session's top advancers, but they soon cut their gains in half. Shares of Countrywide Financial Corp, the largest US mortgage lender, rose 13.1 percent to $21.43, after hitting a high of $23.90 early in the session.
Investment bank Bear Stearns Cos., the biggest mortgage bond underwriter, gained 1.5 percent to $118.20, also off its high of $125.47. Exxon Mobil rose $3.47, or 4.3 percent, to $84.14 and gave the biggest boost to both the Dow and the S&P.
The day marked the monthly expiration of August options, which creates volatility as traders make last-minute adjustments to their derivative positions against stock and index products.
Trading was heavy on the NYSE, with about 2.48 billion shares changing hands, above last year's estimated daily average of 1.84 billion, while on Nasdaq, about 2.58 billion shares traded, also surging ahead of last year's daily average of 2.02 billion. Advancing stocks outnumbered declining ones by a ratio of about 7 to 1 on the NYSE and by slightly more than 2 to 1 on the Nasdaq.
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