Iran's neighbours looking at nuclear power

Growing interest in atomic power among Iran's neighbours could spiral into a nuclear arms race in the volatile Middle East unless preventive measures are taken, a leading think-tank said on Tuesday. In a report, the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies said Iran's nuclear programme had prompted other states in the oil-rich region to consider acquiring nuclear technology.
"In the span of 11 months between February 2006 and January 2007, at least 13 countries in the Middle East announced new or revived plans to pursue or explore civilian nuclear energy," said the report, entitled "Nuclear Programmes in the Middle East In the Shadow of Iran".
"This upsurge of interest is remarkable given both the abundance of traditional energy sources in the region and the low standing to date of nuclear energy there." Iran's plans to open a Russian-built nuclear power station at Bushehr would make it the first country in the region to develop nuclear power. Although Tehran says its programme is solely for peaceful power generation, Western powers and Middle East states say they fear Iran is trying to make a nuclear bomb.
The IISS report also looked at Israel's nuclear programme, concluding that the Jewish state possesses nuclear weapons despite its refusal to confirm this publicly, and would be unlikely to give them up to secure a nuclear-free Middle East. Iran's plans should soon make it "the exception to the rule whereby the Middle East is the only region in the world without nuclear power", the report said. "If the recent aspirations of Iran's neighbours are ever realised, this exception would become the rule".
It said the United Arab Emirates is likely to become the next country in the region after Iran with nuclear power. Signatories to the global nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) are allowed to pursue nuclear power but must agree to controls to prevent them from building atomic weapons. The report said nuclear power programmes in the Middle East could make it easier for countries to develop weapons programmes if the NPT breaks down. Treaty rules should be better enforced.
"Rules need to be rigorously enforced if the benefits of nuclear energy are to be enjoyed without proliferation risk; yet the international record on enforcement is poor. "Violators of NPT-required safeguards agreements, export control regulations and UN Security Council mandates on non-proliferation have faced few real penalties. The problem is worst in the Middle East," it said.