Major air and rail projects are among huge public sector schemes going full steam ahead in Gulf countries, underpinning local economies as the credit crunch takes a big toll on private businesses.
Power and water infrastructure plans are also in the pipeline as governments invest the vast revenues from high oil prices in recent years, offsetting a rapid scaling-down of private investment, particularly in property development.
"After 20 years of under-investment, there is an absolute need to invest in key areas, like water and power projects ... These projects are likely to continue," said economist Monica Malik, from EFG-Hermes investment bank.
Gulf countries are spending billions of dollars on expanding their airports or developing new ones after their investment in infrastructure shrank during years of cash-shortage amid low oil prices in the 1980s and 1990s. The six members of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) have expanded spending in recent years in tandem with the recovery in oil prices, which hit a record of 147 dollars a barrel in July this year before tumbling to around 40 dollars.
The GCC groups Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
OPEC kingpin Saudi Arabia and gas-rich Qatar, in addition to the wealthy UAE emirate of Abu Dhabi, "are likely to continue with a large proportion of their investment plans," Malik said, implying that these monarchies face no cash shortages at the moment.
Saudi economist Salim al-Gudhea agreed that the kingdom, which has built huge reserves on the back of record oil prices, will not backtrack on its commitments to develop the mega-projects already announced.
"The government has announced a commitment of ... 400 billion dollars for the next five years ... The government here is very careful when mentioning numbers," he said.
"It seems to me there is a very strong political will not to slow down the economy," he added. The Saudi economy was estimated by the IMF to have expanded by 3.5 percent in 2007 and was projected to grow by 5.9 percent this year.
Although the Saudi British Bank this month slashed its estimate of Saudi oil export revenues for 2008 to from 350 billion dollars to 287 billion dollars, this is still 40 percent above the 2007 record of 205.5 billion dollars.
Meanwhile, private investment in Gulf property development is in a critical state, mainly in the booming UAE city-state of Dubai which has pioneered a real estate boom over the past few years. "Areas that are most likely to see projects cancelled or put on hold are property developments in Dubai," Malik said, echoing reports of a serious deterioration in a sector that until recently was the locomotive of Dubai's rapid economic growth.
"Developers may find it increasingly difficult to fund projects and there could be an increasing number of projects being delayed or postponed," said the Dubai-based Al Mal Capital investment bank in a report last month. Emaar, the property group behind Burj Dubai, the tallest building on earth at around 700 metres, has seen its share price plunge 80 percent this year to stand at its lowest level since its listing eight years ago.
Rival Dubai developer Nakheel, promoter of several iconic schemes like three palm-shaped artificial islands, said last month it had decided to scale back its work and cut 500 jobs- that is 15 percent of its workforce. The 95-billion-dollar Jumeirah Gardens plan, which was astonishingly announced in early October to coincide with the onset of the global financial crisis, is already being revised, said the government-owned Meraas Development.
At the same time, infrastructure projects in the fast-growing emirate are set to continue at full pace and the government may benefit from cheaper building materials amid falling private demand. Dubai has committed itself to spending 3.3 billion dollars on the construction of two urban railway lines.
The Dubai Metro's first service, the Red line, will be the world's longest fully-automated rail link when it opens in September. The Green Line is scheduled to open a year after. Last week, Dubai awarded a 1.3 billion dollar contract to build a new concourse at its international airport - the busiest hub in the Middle East.
Despite speculation over Dubai's ability to tap the international debt market, US bank Citigroup was reported on Monday to have extended loan facilities of eight billion dollars to public sector projects in the emirate over recent months. The city's rapid development and huge influx of expatriates over the past years have strained its infrastructure, making investment in key areas a must. Its population is believed to have grown close to two million, although official outdated figures still put it at 1.2 million.
Things are different in neighbouring Abu Dhabi, where the property boom is likely to continue due to supply shortages, Malik said, contrasting with an apparent overbuilding in Dubai. However, Kuwait said it has decided to reconsider an ambitious 130-billion-dollar five-year plan aimed at turning the emirate into a business hub, which was scheduled to start next year. Falling oil revenues for OPEC's fourth largest producer were cited as the reason.
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