Twitter could act as early warning system for epidemics

The micro-blogging site Twitter could act as an early warning system for epidemics, a team of experts at London's City University found in a new study published on April 13. According to a team of interdisciplinary experts, around three million messages - or so-called "tweets" - posted in English on Twitter between May and December 2009 contained the word "flu".
Their study was presented to the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) being held in Vienna this week. "The numbers of tweets we collected by searching by keywords such as 'flu' or 'influenza' has been astronomical," one of the study's co-authors, Patty Kostkova, told AFP. "What we're looking at now is, what is the potential of this enormous data set for early warning systems. Because it's a real time media, it can call for an immediate response if required."
Among the so-called "tweets", the experts counted 12,954 messages containing the phrase "I have swine flu" and 12,651 saying "I've got flu". They also counted the frequency of other terms, such as "H1N1" and "vaccine".
Kostkova's team is working together with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and Britain's National Health Service in the run-up to the 2012 Olympic Games in London.
Twitter would enable the NHS, for example, to better assess resources and provide visitors with information such as the nearest doctor, dentist or emergency services. In Geneva on April 13, the World Health Organisation found that the Internet had a disruptive impact on the handling of the flu pandemic by fanning speculation and rumour. WHO influenza chief Keiji Fukuda told 29 health experts reviewing the international response to the pandemic that the Internet had added a new dimension to flu alerts over the past year.
While it meant information about swine flu became more widely available, it also produced "news, rumours, a great deal of speculation and criticism in multiple outlets," including blogs, social networking and websites, he said.
"Anti-vaccine messaging was very active, made it very difficult for public health services in many countries," Fukuda said as a nine-month review of the A(H1N1) flu pandemic got under way.
Kostkova countered that monitoring Twitter messages would help recognise the population's worries and could be useful in detecting the start of an epidemic. But she insisted that existing disease surveillance systems were still better for monitoring the subsequent spread of an epidemic.