MADRID: Spain's leftist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez started the year with a bullish economic outlook. Months later, he faces protests, strikes and an emboldened opposition as the recovery from the pandemic slump trails other European nations.
Gone is the optimism shown earlier this year when Sanchez forecast a strong comeback in 2021 for the eurozone's fourth-largest economy.
The country has since faced sluggish consumption, soaring energy prices and weak growth.
"Little by little, the climate changed and clouds gathered," said Rafael Pampillon, an economist at CEU-San Pablo University.
Anger over the state of the economy is now starting to spill out into the streets.
Hundreds of auto workers protested in Madrid on Monday to draw attention to the problems the sector faces, while in the southern city of Cadiz metalworkers have been on strike since mid-November to demand wage increases.
As Christmas approaches, truckers have threatened to go on strike to protest against rising fuel prices.
The government had initially forecast the economy would expand by 9.8 percent in 2021, one of the highest figures in the eurozone.
But in April it slashed its forecast to 6.5 percent, as Spain was hit by a third wave of Covid-19 infections. Most economists, however, believe growth will not surpass 5.0 percent this year.
In recent weeks, disappointing data regarding household consumption and investment have been released that have dampened Spain's economic outlook.
Revised figures show gross domestic product (GDP) expanded just 1.1 percent during the second quarter, less than half of the 2.8 percent initially forecast.
And growth was just 2.0 percent in the third quarter, instead of 2.7 percent.
"In absolute terms, it's not so bad, but we could expect better," said Pedro Aznar, a professor at Spain's ESADE business school.
He recalled that Spain's tourism-dependent economy contracted 10.8 percent in 2020, one of the worst results among industrialised countries, so it had "a lot of room to grow".
Factories closing
While Spain's GDP remains 6.6 percent below pre-pandemic levels, Italy has narrowed the gap to 1.4 percent, Germany to 1.1 percent and France to just 0.1 percent.
Analysts blame soaring energy costs, supply chain disruptions and an overreliance on tourism for the slower growth in Spain.
Energy prices have risen across Europe, but the impact has been especially intense in Spain, since it relies heavily on energy imports, and the higher price of gas and electricity has "hurt consumption," said Aznar.
Higher energy prices have also contributed heavily to inflation, which reached 5.4 percent in October, a 29-year high.
And global supply chain problems have dealt a blow to Spain's key automaker sector, which accounts for 11 percent of economic output, said Pampillon.
"This forced many factories to close," he added.
Before the pandemic hit in spring 2020, Spain was the world's second-most popular tourist destination after France.
The government has said it was hoping to attract around 45 million tourist visits this year, approximately half the figure for 2019.
'Overly optimistic'
"The government was overly optimistic," said Pampillon, adding Spain has also been slow to use money from the European Union's economic recovery fund.
One of the main beneficiaries of the fund, Spain is set to receive 140 billion euros ($157 billion) in grants and loans.
Aznar said the slower economic growth will "weaken" the government's budget forecasts and possibly "create a problem with Brussels", which enforces EU deficit rules.
Pablo Casado, the leader of the main opposition conservative Popular Party (PP) which currently tops the polls, accused Sanchez of economic "incompetence" during a debate in parliament earlier this month.
He has called for structural reforms to lower taxes, make the labour market more flexible and "reduce bureaucracy and waste".
Sanchez has said he remains "confident" about the country's economic prospects.
"Spain is doing better and I promise that next year we will be even better than today," he said recently.
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