ISTANBUL: Ukraine said on Wednesday that an agreement to resume grain exports blocked by Russia appeared close as Turkey hosted four-way talks, raising hopes of an end to a standoff that has exposed millions to the risk of starvation.
Kyiv believed a deal was just "two steps away", Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba was quoted as saying before the talks began, though other participants seemed less optimistic, and Turkey's defence ministry gave no details of the meeting's outcome after announcing it had ended.
A United Nations spokesman said U.N. chief Antonio Guterres would speak later on Wednesday about the talks because "we believe that this is something positive". Guterres would explain why, U.N. spokesman Farhan Haq told reporters in New York.
Several Ukrainian cities meanwhile reported heavy Russian shelling and, while not linking a grain deal to progress in talks to end the war, Kuleba was downbeat on prospects for peace.
More than 20 million tonnes of Ukrainian grain are stuck in silos at the Black Sea port of Odesa and dozens of ships have been stranded due to Russia's blockade, part of what Moscow calls its "special military operation" in Ukraine but which Kyiv and the West say is an unjustified war of aggression.
The talks, in Istanbul between Ukrainian, Russian, Turkish and U.N. officials, took place behind closed doors at an undisclosed location.
Kuleba told the Spanish newspaper El Pais ahead of their resumption: "We are two steps away from a deal with Russia. We are in the final phase and now everything depends on Russia."
Igor Konashenkov, a spokesperson for Russia's defence ministry, said Moscow had put forward proposals to resolve the grain issue as soon as possible.
Turkey published a photograph of the meeting showing the Russian and Ukrainian delegations sitting opposite each other looking stony-faced.
U.N. chief due to explain 'positive' Ukraine grain talks
Ukraine and Russia are major global wheat suppliers. Russia is also a large fertilizer exporter and Ukraine a significant producer of corn and sunflower oil, so clinching a deal to unblock exports is seen as vital for food security, notably among developing nations, and for stabilising markets.
Territory non-negotiable, says kyiv
Ukrainian officials said there had been sustained Russian shelling across Donetsk province, which Moscow aims to capture to complete its seizure of the industrialised Donbas region of eastern Ukraine. Much of the region was controlled by separatists - labelled Russian puppets by Kyiv - before the war.
A separatist official said Russian and separatist forces had entered the outskirts of the town of Siversk in Donetsk province and could take it in a couple of days, according to Russian state news agency TASS.There was no immediate comment from the Ukrainian side.
Russia also struck 28 settlements in the Mykolaiv region bordering the Black Sea, killing at least five civilians, according to Kyrylo Tymoshenko, deputy head of Ukraine's presidential office.
Russia, which says it does not target civilians, said on Wednesday it had shot down four Ukrainian military jets, an assertion the Ukrainian air force dismissed as propaganda.
Reuters could not independently verify the battlefield accounts.
As the Istanbul talks got under way, Foreign Minister Kuleba told a briefing that Ukraine's overall stance on the war had not changed.
He confirmed there were still no peace talks taking place between Moscow and Kyiv and ruled out ceding territory to Russia as part of any future deal.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy told a conference in Asia via videolink that Russia had launched 2,960 missiles on Ukraine's cities so far.
"Of course this is Russia's tactic... directed at chasing people out of our cities, and so that every Ukrainian feels fear," he said.
'Obstacles' caused by sanctions
Ukraine and the West have accused Russia of exacerbating a global food crisis by complicating attempts to supply poorer nations with grain, and of fuelling inflation.
Moscow has blamed Ukraine, accusing it of refusing to remove mines that it scattered around its coastline to protect itself from Russia's attack and that represent a threat to shipping.
Russia has also lashed out at the West for imposing sanctions on a range of sectors that make it harder for Russia to fund and insure its own maritime freight services.
Diplomats say details of the plan under discussion at Wednesday's talks included an idea for Ukrainian vessels to guide grain ships in and out through mined port waters; Russia agreeing to a truce while shipments move; and Turkey - supported by the United Nations - inspecting ships to allay Russian fears of weapons smuggling.
Russia's Interfax news agency quoted Pyotr Ilyichev, head of the international organisations department at the Russian foreign ministry, as saying that Russia wanted to control and inspect vessels itself to rule out smuggling.
He said Russia was ready to facilitate the navigation of foreign commercial vessels to export Ukrainian grain.
Russian news agency RIA quoted an unnamed diplomatic source as saying Russia's demands included the removal of "obstacles to exports" created by Western sanctions, citing the areas "of shipping insurance, logistics, transportation services and banking operations."
Russia has continued to export grain since the war started on Feb. 24 but there is a lack of large vessels as many owners are afraid to send them to the region. Cost of freight and insurance are also up sharply.
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