Federal Reserve Chair-man Ben Ber-nanke said on Wednesday the US central bank still expects to start scaling back its massive bond purchase programme later this year, but he left open the option of changing that plan if the economic outlook shifted. While sticking closely to a timeline to wind down the bond buying that he first outlined last month, Bernanke went out of his way to stress that nothing was set in stone.
"Our asset purchases depend on economic and financial developments, but they are by no means on a preset course," he told the House of Representatives Financial Services Committee. The remarks lifted prices for US stocks and government bonds, while the dollar rose against the euro and the yen. "There is something in these comments for everybody," said Omer Esiner, chief market analyst at Commonwealth Foreign Exchange in Washington. "Bernanke has done a good job of leaving himself plenty of manoeuvre room in terms of policy."
Bernanke''s semi-annual testimony to Congress may be his last if he steps down when his term as chairman ends in January, as many expect, and a number of lawmakers lauded the Fed chairman for his service in their opening remarks. The Fed has held overnight interest rates near zero since December 2008, while more than tripling its balance sheet to about $3.46 trillion with a series of bond purchases. In its third and latest asset purchase programme, it has been buying $85 billion in US Treasury and mortgage-related bonds each month to drive down borrowing costs and spur investment and hiring.
Bernanke set off a brief but fierce global market sell-off last month when he outlined plans to reduce this quantitative easing programme, and he has joined a slew of officials since then who have spelled out their intention to keep rates near zero well after the bond buying ends. Under the timeline Bernanke laid out on June 19, Fed policymakers would likely reduce their monthly bond buys later this year and halt them altogether by mid-2014, as long as the economic recovery unfolds as expected. In his remarks on Wednesday, Bernanke said the pace of asset purchases could be reduced "somewhat more quickly" if economic conditions improved faster than expected. On the other hand, the current pace "could be maintained for longer" if the labour market outlook darkened, or inflation did not look like it was rising back toward the Fed''s 2 percent goal.
"Indeed, if needed, the (Fed''s policy-setting) committee would be prepared to employ all its tools, including an increase (in) the pace of purchases for a time, to promote a return to maximum employment in a context of price stability," Bernanke said. Economists expect the Fed to start tapering bond buying at its meeting in September.
STILL EASY AFTER ALL THESE YEARS While the end of the Fed''s bond buying may be in view, Bernanke repeated that officials will keep rates near zero at least until the unemployment rate falls to 6.5 percent, as long as inflation remains in check. Most do not expect rates to rise until sometime in 2015.
He also said the Fed would look closely at any decline in unemployment to see whether it was being driven by strength in hiring or a decline in the number of Americans looking for work, in which case the central bank would be more patient before raising rates. Any rate hike cycle, he said, would be gradual. Some Fed officials have been concerned about the low level of inflation and have expressed a hesitance to trim bond purchases until inflation quickens. The central bank''s preferred price gauge is a full percentage point below its target.
Bernanke repeated his view that transitory factors appeared to be restraining price gains, although he said policymakers were aware that very low inflation raised the risk of an outright deflation, which could sap the economy''s strength. Data on Tuesday showed that inflation firmed last month. Hiring in recent months has been relatively strong, although the jobless rate stands at a still-lofty 7.6 percent.
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