Dutch student Boyan Slat is only 19 years old, but he already has 100 people working on his revolutionary plan to scoop thousands of tonnes of damaging plastics from the oceans. The world's "plastic soup", much of it swirling around in five main gyres or rotating oceanic currents, costs billions of euros (dollars) to the fishing and tourism sectors every year.
Estimates differ as to how much of the waste is in our oceans, ranging from half a million to millions of tonnes. The scourge kills marine life, entering the food chain when sea creatures ingest it, as well as ensnaring dolphins and whales. While most ideas for attacking the plastic plague involve boats criss-crossing the oceans to scoop up the waste, Slat came up with a remarkably practical way to help solve the problem: harnessing the power of sea currents to trap the "soup". "Why go after the plastic if the plastic can come to you?" the aeronautical engineering student said.
'Soup trap' His design calls for two vast floating arms, 50 kilometres (35 miles) long each, in the form of a "V", anchored to the ocean floor. Curtains, ironically made from super-strong plastic, hang from the arms, dangling around three metres (10 feet) below the surface. Ocean currents will force the waste into the "V" and to a cylindrical platform 11 metres in diameter floating at the end which can store up to 3,000 cubic metres of plastic (106,000 cubic feet - or more than an Olympic swimming pool ) for eventual collection by a ship. A solar-powered conveyor belt will take the largest chunks of plastic to and from a shredder so that it will fit in the cylinder.
The blue-eyed, shaggy-haired Slat, who still lives at home with his parents, says he got his idea while scuba-diving in Greece. "I saw more plastics than fish under the water," he recalled. He publicly presented it for the first time at the end of 2012, hardly daring to dream it would become reality. Today, he has put his studies on hold and 100 people around the world are working for him, several of them full time.
'Faster, cheaper' Following a year of feasibility studies and a certain amount of criticism from a sceptical scientific community, Slat wants to set up a pilot project to run for the next three or four years before installing the first operational "Ocean Cleanup Array" in the north Pacific Ocean.
He has set up a crowdfunding website to collect $2.0 million (1.5 million euros) in 100 days, reaching the first million after 32 days. Over a 10-year period, he hopes his invention will collect nearly half of the plastic swirling around in the north Pacific Ocean. Slat claims his method would be thousands of times faster than sending ships to fish the plastic out of the water. Around 70 people, including oceanographers, engineers and legal advisers, took part in the feasibility study, looking at legal and material questions, as well as the project's weather-resistance and cost.
'Unanswered questions' "The ocean cleanup team has addressed concerns that the ocean community has voiced, but there are still issues that need to be addressed," Kim Martini, an oceanographer at Washington State University in Seattle, said by email.
Some say the feasibility study underestimates the proportion of micro-plastics, which are just millimetres in size and extremely difficult to trap and remove. Others say the project itself will become a dangerous obstacle for marine life and sea traffic. Slat insists that the feasibility study, which concluded that the project was "likely feasible", dealt with all the technical problems. Nevertheless, he is aware of the limitations.
"Thankfully, I'm surrounded by people who have more knowledge than me, they bring their experience on board," Slat said, adding: "I'm only 19!" "Even if I think that my project is more efficient and cheaper, I know it won't remove all plastic waste," he admits. "And most importantly, I know full well that the source of plastic in the oceans won't disappear tomorrow, people will unfortunately continue to put plastic waste into the environment."
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