Casey Cooper is one of the most famous drummers on the planet right now. He has a million followers on YouTube, and his flaming-sticks drumming cover of Ellie Goulding's "Burn" is insane. But he'd just prefer you skip his recorded performances and instead catch him live on streaming video that is because he can make more money that way.
Live video is fast emerging as a lucrative corner of the internet where artists can profit from fans who tip lavishly in order to rub virtual shoulders with their favourite broadcasters. Start-ups such as Ampli.fi and YouNow are helping foster a digital economy around live video. Now, deep-pocketed tech goliaths like Facebook, Twitter and Snapchat are joining the party.
Different performers have different reasons for preferring live video. Cooper, 24, says fan tips can bring in much more than his hundreds of millions of views on YouTube, where copyright holders claim the ad revenue for use of their underlying songs.
Recording labels haven't reached into live performers' tip jars as they can't really replace downloads or streams of songs. A handful of sites including YouNow have registered to pay songwriting royalties, but the fee is minimal, according to the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.
Cooper's first session on Ampli.fi, a musician-focused streaming service, netted him nearly $100 in about an hour.
"It's so powerful," says Cooper, who broadcast his live show from his home in Canton, Georgia. "People will say, 'Please, please, please just shout me out. Say my username.'"
Such intense fan interaction is one reason internet and media companies are jump-starting their live-video efforts. Facebook is spending tens of millions of dollars recruiting celebrities such as Kevin Hart and Gordon Ramsay for shows on its Facebook Live system. YouTube just announced the ability to go live from your mobile phone. And cable giant Comcast is among several companies that invested $15 million in October in YouNow, a live-streaming service popular among teens.
How popular Just ask Sandra Alvarez, a 14-year-old student from Los Angeles who says she used to spend $50 a month more than half her allowance tipping broadcasters on YouNow. She would get notified whenever one went live; with some, she says, she would tune in "basically every time." Some services like upstart Live.me cultivate such devotion by rewarding Alvarez and other followers with daily dollops of digital currency that they can use to buy their favourites virtual gifts.
But live video isn't always easy to watch. Broadcasts on Twitter-owned Periscope are regularly over before many people even find out about them. Live video requires habits that feel like a return to the old days of broadcast TV.
So more companies are giving users a way to save and share recordings though at that point they're not really live anymore, of course.
Facebook Live stored its videos from the start. That allowed Candace Payne's giggling live selfie of trying on a Chewbacca mask to become an internet sensation with 160 million views since May, making it Facebook's most popular "live" video so far. Periscope is testing the ability to save videos longer than the customary 24 hours by adding a "save" hashtag to a stream title. YouNow is adding "Moments" for viewers to share snippets of streams.
The big question is whether and how live video can turn into a real business. One revenue source is advertising.
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