The Swiss voted Sunday in favour of a massive overhaul of the country's energy system by gradually replacing the power from its ageing nuclear reactors with renewable sources. A full 58.2 percent of Swiss voters supported the shift, according to a final tally after Sunday's referendum, with only four of the country's 26 cantons voting "no".
The move has been in the making since shortly after Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant was destroyed in the March 2011 tsunami disaster, when the Swiss government decided to gradually close its nuclear plants Instead, it aims to increase reliance on hydraulic power as well as renewables like solar, wind, geothermal and biomass.
Sunday's vote paves the way for the government to gradually begin implementing the measures starting next January. Backers of the change were ecstatic that the new energy received such broad acceptance, after recent opinion polls had shown the "no" side gaining ground, hinting it might not pass.
"This is a historic day for the country," Green Party parliamentarian Adele Thorens Goumaz told public broadcaster RTS. "Switzerland will finally enter the 21st century when it comes to energy." The issue meanwhile seemed to generate less interest than some other recent popular votes, which are the bedrock of Switzerland's system of direct democracy, with only 42.3 percent of eligible voters having cast a ballot in the referendum.
But while that is low, it still falls within the average for voter turnout over the past two years, according to the ATS news agency. The government's 2050 energy strategy aims to decommission Switzerland's five ageing reactors, which today produce around a third of the country's electricity, as they reach the end of their safe operational lifespan. But since all of Switzerland's nuclear plants have open-ended operating licences, there is no clear cut-off date determining when they should be shut down.
Last November, Swiss voters rejected a call to speed up the phaseout of the plants by limiting their operational lifespan to 45 years, a move that would have seen three of the five reactors close this year. While the new energy plan does not contain a clear timetable for the nuclear phaseout, it does contain ambitious targets for reducing energy consumption and for improving energy efficacy.
Compared to levels seen in 2000, it aims to cut average energy consumption per person per year by 16 percent by 2020 and by 43 percent by 2035. That first target has almost already been reached, with energy consumption currently 14.5 percent lower than at the turn of the millennium, according to government figures.
The plan also calls for a rapid increase in the use of renewable power sources. The Swiss parliament supported the new law, with the exception of the country's largest political party, the populist Swiss People's Party (SVP), which had requested Sunday's referendum. "I'm very worried about the future," SVP parliamentarian Celine Amaudruz told RTS as the referendum results were coming in.
The SVP claims the energy shift will be too expensive, would threaten Switzerland's energy supply and would "disfigure" the country's pristine natural landscape with more wind turbines and solar panels. The party has campaigned heavily against the plan, maintaining that it would cost around 200 billion Swiss francs ($205 billion, 179 billion euros) to implement until 2050.
This, it claims in campaign posters plastered around the country, would amount to 3,200 Swiss francs per four-person household per year in additional energy costs and taxes, with no guarantee of hot water. "Who wants to pay 3,200 francs more... for a cold shower?" the posters ask. The government has rejected that claim, maintaining that the additional cost per household would be about 40 Swiss francs per year compared to today's prices.
And it says the cost could easily be offset by improving energy efficiency in buildings, which reduces heating costs. In a statement, the SVP slammed the government for running an "official propaganda" campaign "in favour of this dangerous energy shift", and Amaudruz accused Bern of dishing out "fake news".
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