There is no behind-the-scenes pact between powerful central bankers to tighten policy but the potent effect their actions have on financial markets means they want a deeper understanding of each others' motivations, officials told Reuters.
European Central Bank President Mario Draghi renewed his long-standing wish last week for more talks between global central banks, fuelling suspicions that policymakers discussed more at recent gatherings than they admit. Indeed, the ECB, the Bank of England, the Bank of Canada and Norway's central bank all turned unexpectedly hawkish in just a matter of days with Sweden and the Reserve Bank of Australia expected to follow suit this week.
Coming on the heels of the Bank for International Settlement's annual meeting in Switzerland, where top officials are well shielded from the media, traders and analysts have looked suspiciously at the turn of events. However, policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic said they often share their economic views in private but to foster understanding and not to coordinate policy as each central bank acts independently.
Banks need to fulfil different mandates with widely different tools and any hint that domestic policy is subjugated to the interest of foreign central banks risks a public relations disaster. This makes policy coordination, let alone cooperation, practically impossible, sources said.
"Can you imagine Draghi coming to the Governing Council, or just the board saying: thanks for coming but I've already agreed with Yellen," a source at a euro zone central bank said. "How quickly would that leak?"
While central banks make their own decisions, these still have far reaching consequences for currency, bond and derivatives prices. Therefore policy transparency, the key benefit of private meetings, prepares policymakers for what may be coming, limiting market volatility.
"The more we can talk to each other and also communicate to markets in a way that doesn't increase uncertainty, that would be very helpful," Draghi said last week in Sintra, Portugal, at another gathering of central bankers. "So the need is there, how to do it is not simple." Some market players seized on that as a new openness by Draghi to coordinate policy with other central banks.
Indeed, such cooperation is not unknown. In late 2008, as the global financial crisis was spiralling out of control, banks, including the US Federal Reserve, the ECB and the Swiss National Bank, cut rates in a coordinated move. In 2011, a concerted effort by G7 central banks helped stabilize the Japanese yen after a devastating earthquake.
In fact, Draghi's remarks in Sintra only echo a call he made a year ago for more dialogue to limit the market volatility related to the varying pace of the recovery across major economies.
A source familiar with the Fed's thinking also poured cold water on the idea of a pact. Given heightened scrutiny from Congress, any suggestion that the central bank subjugates policy to secret deals with overseas banks would seriously damage the institution's standing, the source added.
"We can't reveal any information that is not already in the public domain so we explain our thinking, share our analysis, but can't discuss our next step," the source said. Private meetings are often more technical and more detailed given that they are made to an expert audience and they allow for frank discussion that may not be appropriate in public, the sources added.
"But I've never heard Yellen or Carney discuss anything that has not already been said in one form or another before," said a European official, who has attended such closed door meetings in the past. Yet the shift in the banks' tone is no coincidence, the officials say. The recovery is picking up speed and seems to be solidifying, a conclusion made in various financial centres. And taking a more upbeat stance in public becomes easier when others are also changing their tone, as the risk of a market volatility diminishes, the sources said.
But the differences between how central banks operate are also huge. The Fed has to reconcile an inflation and employment mandate while the ECB needs to worry about a discordant currency union that came to the brink of collapse in recent years. And while the Bank of Japan is also seeing some progress, policymakers are keen to say that they are far from tightening policy.
"I'm 99 percent sure that no such pact has been agreed - but there is indeed broad common agreement that the world (ex-UK) is looking a whole lot better than they thought just six months ago," UniCredit economist Erik Nielsen said. "And in such an environment, it is not surprising that central banks are looking to modify their policies," he added.
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