Iran shut primary schools in Tehran and other parts of the country on Sunday as thick smog blanketed the capital despite curbs on road traffic and industrial activity. Local authorities late Saturday announced the closure of all primary schools in the province of Tehran, which is home to 14 million residents, except in two towns.
On Sunday, smog enveloped Tehran and shielded from view the mountains to the north of the capital. Every year, Tehran suffers some of the worst pollution in the world when cool temperatures cause an effect known as "temperature inversion".
The phenomenon creates a layer of warm air above the city that traps pollution from its more than eight million cars and motorbikes. "Tehran is suffocating (but) hundreds of thousands of cars are built each year," said Hossein, a man in his sixties who did not give his surname.
"They're building in the mountains, they're destroying our forests. We don't want any more oil, we don't want any more petrol," he added. "We need clean air for our children's future."
Airborne concentration of fine particles (PM2.5) hit 185 microgrammes per cubic metre in the south of Tehran and 174 in its centre on Sunday morning, local authorities said. That is far above the World Health Organisation recommended maximum of 25 microgrammes per m3 over a 24-hour period.
The microscopic particles lodge deep in the lungs and are harmful to human health. Authorities ordered mines and cement factories in Tehran province to close and reinforced regular traffic restrictions in the capital's centre.
They called on the elderly, children, pregnant women and people with heart problems to stay indoors. Iran is expected to produce 1.5 million new vehicles by the end of this Persian year which ends in March, according to official figures, in a country where some 20 million cars and trucks are already on the roads.
In October, Tehran mayor Mohammad Ali Najafi said he wanted to develop public transport and help reduce traffic in the capital, which lies at between 1,400 and 1,800 metres above sea level. But he warned a solution would take time.
In the north-western cities of Tabriz and Urmia, schools remained closed for the second day straight on Sunday, official news agency IRNA said. While atmospheric pollution in Iran is not as severe as in India or China, it endangers the health of its residents.
In 2014, almost 400 people were hospitalised with heart and respiratory problems caused by pollution in Tehran. Nearly 1,500 others required treatment. The health ministry estimated that pollution in 2012 contributed to the premature deaths of 4,500 people in Tehran and about 80,000 across the country.
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